About This Chapter
This evaluation collection covers examining your familiarity with topics, including the attachment. Offers present practice questions with accurate answers, comprehensive explanations, and terminology definitions organized by difficulty levels with complete answers, explanations, and glossary definitions. Every assessment includes accurate solutions, comprehensive reasoning, key definitions, and challenge ratings for thorough review.
The learning objectives include:
✓ Summarize attachment in young children.
Question 1
In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being
- securely attached.
- trusting attached.
- agape-love attached.
- solidly attached.
Correct Answer:
securely attached.
Glossary:
Securely Attached Babies: Babies who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment.
Question 2
When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is
- securely attached.
- insecure avoidant.
- insecure resistant.
- insecure disorganized.
Correct Answer:
insecure resistant.
Glossary:
Insecure Resistant Babies: Babies who often cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away.
Question 3
The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to
- crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her caregiver and a stranger waiting on the other side.
- move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger.
- experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
- choose between his or her mother and father in a strange situation.
Correct Answer:
move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger.
Glossary:
Strange Situation: An observational measure of infant attachment that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order.
Question 4
According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as
- being independent.
- deserving of nurturant care.
- deserving of constant attention.
- being helpless.
Correct Answer:
deserving of nurturant care.
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 5
John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.
- external working
- internal working
- external passive
- internal passive
Correct Answer:
internal working
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 6
According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is the time period of phase 2?
- from 2 to 7 months
- from birth to 2 months
- from 12 to 24 months
- from 8 to 12 months
Correct Answer:
from 2 to 7 months
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 7
According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following is the time period for phase 3?
- from birth to 2 months
- from 2 to 7 months
- from 7 to 24 months
- from 24 months on
Correct Answer:
from 7 to 24 months
Question 8
According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?
- from 10 to 18 months
- from birth to 2 months
- from 2 to 7 months
- from 18 to 24 months
Correct Answer:
from birth to 2 months
Question 9
Amy is a 5-month-old baby girl. She tends to smile and become comfortable when her mother picks her up. However, when she sees an unknown face, she gets upset and cries for her mother. Which of the following phases of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment is Amy currently in?
- phase 3
- phase 1
- phase 2
- phase 4
Correct Answer:
phase 2
Question 10
Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment?
- Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures.
- Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
- Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver.
- Infants start to lose attachment to their primary caregivers.
Correct Answer:
Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures.
Question 11
Anna is at a phase of attachment where she takes the feelings of others into consideration before acting. According to John Bowlby, what age range would Anna fall under?
- She is either 6 months of age or younger.
- She is between 12 and 18 months old.
- She is between 18 and 20 months old.
- She is 24 months of age or older.
Correct Answer:
She is 24 months of age or older.
Question 12
During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is most likely to occur?
- An infant will show signs of attachment toward the caregiver and anxiety toward strangers.
- An infant will begin to attach to one person and can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people.
- An infant is securely attached to the mother but is still trying to form an attachment with the father.
- An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers, siblings, or parents.
Correct Answer:
An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers, siblings, or parents.
Glossary:
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
Question 13
According to Erikson, ________ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.
- physical comfort and sensitive care
- feeding and physical comfort
- contact comfort and feeding
- oral satisfaction and physical comfort
Correct Answer:
physical comfort and sensitive care
Glossary:
Palliative Care: The type of care emphasized in a hospice, which involves reducing pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignity.
Question 14
What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?
- Thermal comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Feeding is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Feeding and contact comfort are equally important in the attachment process.
Correct Answer:
Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
Question 15
According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object
- that is perceived to be a non-stranger.
- that provides physical comfort.
- that provides oral satisfaction.
- that provides a sense of trust.
Correct Answer:
that provides oral satisfaction.
Question 16
Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned. In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?
- in infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal-directed
- in infants' awareness of their selves as an independent entity
- in infants' development of more finely refined sensory perceptions, such as vision and hearing
- in infants' ability to manipulate objects in an effective manner
Correct Answer:
in infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal-directed
Glossary:
Perception: The interpretation of what is sensed.
Question 17
Juan has been showing a marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play. He goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably
- around six months old.
- between six and nine months old.
- between 12 and 18 months old.
- between 18 and 24 months old.
Correct Answer:
between 18 and 24 months old.
Glossary:
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.