About This Chapter
This practice exam addresses validating your expertise in topics such as the emotional development and the emotional expression. Assembles a set of provides examination questions including accurate solutions, comprehensive reasoning, and key term guides complete with correct answers and detailed explanations. Comprehensive glossaries and key term definitions support concept understanding and vocabulary development.
Question 1
Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that ________ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and the caregiver.
- a quick, comforting response to the infant's cries
- ignoring the infant's cries
- forcefully telling the infant not to cry
- responding too much to infant crying
Correct Answer:
a quick, comforting response to the infant's cries
Question 2
Which of the following statements is true about soothing crying infants?
- Developmental psychologists increasingly agree that soothing crying infants is important to help infants develop a sense of trust.
- Research shows that fathers are more likely than mothers to use soothing techniques to reduce infant crying.
- Infants typically soothe themselves and seldom depend on their caregivers to help soothe their emotions.
- A mother's negative emotions to her infant's cries are linked to higher self-confidence in the child's later years.
Correct Answer:
Developmental psychologists increasingly agree that soothing crying infants is important to help infants develop a sense of trust.
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 3
Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to ________ at 6 to 7 years of age.
- high effortful control
- empathy
- high aggression
- self-confidence
Correct Answer:
empathy
Glossary:
MTOR Pathway: A cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity.
Question 4
Which of the following statements is true regarding separation protest?
- The percentage of infants who engaged in separation protest seldom varied across cultures.
- Infants reached a peak of protest at about the same age across cultures.
- It is initially displayed by infants at approximately 10 to 12 months.
- It peaks at about 24 months among U.S. infants.
Correct Answer:
Infants reached a peak of protest at about the same age across cultures.
Glossary:
Separation Protest: An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.
Question 5
Infants show ________ when they are in familiar settings.
- more stranger anxiety
- no separation protest
- less stranger anxiety
- more separation protest
Correct Answer:
less stranger anxiety
Glossary:
Stranger Anxiety: An infant’s fear and wariness of strangers; it tends to appear during the second half of the first year of life.
Question 6
Carla is discussing stranger anxiety in toddlers with her friend, Maria. She tells Maria that her toddler, Beth, showed less stranger anxiety when she met her new nanny in their home. Which of the following statements best explains Beth's reaction?
- Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she is used to being taken care of by nannies.
- Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she was in a familiar setting.
- Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she likes meeting strangers and is comfortable with them.
- Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she is a disorganized child who was confused and did not know how to react.
Correct Answer:
Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she was in a familiar setting.
Glossary:
Stranger Anxiety: An infant’s fear and wariness of strangers; it tends to appear during the second half of the first year of life.
Question 7
Separation protest is characterized by
- rejoicing when the caregiver returns.
- crying when the caregiver shouts.
- crying when the caregiver leaves.
- indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.
Correct Answer:
crying when the caregiver leaves.
Glossary:
Separation Protest: An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.
Question 8
Cindy has worked from home as a freelancer ever since she had a baby. Now that her baby, Hailey, is 15 months old, Cindy has accepted a full-time job offer. Everyday when Cindy drops Hailey off at the day care, Hailey screams and cries for a couple of minutes. Which of the following terms best describes Hailey's behavior?
- scaffolding
- separation protest
- surgency
- social referencing
Correct Answer:
separation protest
Glossary:
Separation Protest: An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.
Question 9
Nikita is 18 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions, ________.
- fear
- embarrassment
- jealousy
- pride
Correct Answer:
fear
Glossary:
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
Question 10
In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the most stranger anxiety?
- when she meets a stranger in her home
- when she meets another 9-month-old baby at her usual child care facility
- when she meets a stranger in an unfamiliar place
- when she meets her caregiver after spending the entire day at the child care facility
Correct Answer:
when she meets a stranger in an unfamiliar place
Glossary:
Stranger Anxiety: An infant’s fear and wariness of strangers; it tends to appear during the second half of the first year of life.
Question 11
The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves
- fear of heights.
- separation protest.
- stranger anxiety.
- fear of walking.
Correct Answer:
stranger anxiety.
Question 12
The fear of strangers peaks
- in the first three months after birth.
- toward the end of the first year of life.
- toward the middle of the second year of life.
- in the first six months after birth.
Correct Answer:
toward the end of the first year of life.
Question 13
Researchers have found that infant ________ is linked to guilt, empathy, and low aggression at six to seven years of age.
- pride
- embarrassment
- fear
- jealousy
Correct Answer:
fear