The third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is
- ethical behavior.
- moral awareness.
- moral identity.
- moral intent.
- trust propensity.
The four-component model of ethical decision making argues that ethical behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior.
Moral Intent: An authority’s degree of commitment to the moral course of action.
The final step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is
- ethical behavior.
- ethical identity.
- moral intent.
- moral awareness.
The four-component model of ethical decision making argues that ethical behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior.
Withdrawal Behavior: Employee actions that are intended to avoid work situations.
Which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between organizations and employees?
- a narrow definition of work demands
- an explicit repayment schedule
- advance knowledge of occupational obligations
- impersonal and contractual exchanges
- mutual investment
Social exchange relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule. Social exchanges are characterized by mutual investment, such that employees agree to go above and beyond their duties in exchange for fair and proper treatment by authorities.
Moral Intent: An authority’s degree of commitment to the moral course of action.
Yuka has a great relationship with her boss, Oliver. Oliver demands a lot of his employees, but he gives a lot in return in the form of not only bonuses and other incentives, but also sincere praise and personal accolades. He often asks Yuka for her opinion about things outside her area of expertise, and he communicates that he finds her to be a smart, capable person. As a result, Yuka has no qualms about staying late and taking on extra duties. Which of the following is most likely True about the way Yuka views her job responsibilities?
- Even though she appreciates Oliver, she sometimes feels taken advantage of.
- Her behavior is based primarily on the fact that she has a high propensity for trust.
- Her respect for Oliver is based on his integrity and is more rational than emotional in nature.
- Even though she loves her job, it is still just a job, and she would leave if she got a better offer.
- She has an emotional connection to Oliver and feels theirs is a mutually beneficial relationship.
As trust increases, social exchange relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule. Social exchanges are characterized by mutual investment, such that employees agree to go above and beyond their duties in exchange for fair and proper treatment by authorities.
Expertise: The knowledge and skills that distinguish experts from novices.
As trust increases between employees and their authorities, ________ relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule.
- cognition-based trust
- social exchange
- disposition-based trust
- economic exchange
- contractual
Employees who do not trust their authorities have economic exchange relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule. As trust increases between employees and their authorities, social exchange relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule.
Social Exchange: Work relationships that are characterized by mutual investment, with employees willing to engage in “extra mile” sorts of behaviors because they trust that their efforts will eventually be rewarded.
Which of the following is a feature of economic exchange relationships between organizations and employees?
- an explicit repayment schedule
- open-ended job demands
- affective and normative organizational commitment
- vaguely defined obligations
- mutual investment
Employees who do not trust their authorities have economic exchange relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule.
Economic Exchange: Work relationships that resemble a contractual agreement by which employees fulfill job duties in exchange for financial compensation.
An individual could argue that smashing a window to save a dog trapped in a hot car is defensible and ethical. This rationale is based on which of the following principles?
- the ethics of rights
- the ethics of duties
- egoism
- utilitarianism
- virtue ethics
The ethics of rights states that an act is morally right if it respects the natural rights of others, such as the right to life.
Ethics: The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
Not only is Jayesh perceived by his employees as a kind and fair boss, but he is very committed to local initiatives. For example, he donates a percentage of company profits to a prison rehabilitation program, and the company participates in numerous charity events. Jayesh's behavior suggests his ________ is very important to him.
- moral awareness
- ethical identity
- sense of justice
- moral identity
- moral intent
People with strong moral identities define themselves as compassionate, generous, honest, kind, fair, and hardworking. Moreover, the actions they take in their daily life are viewed as symbols of those virtues. Research suggests that people with strong moral identities volunteer more for charitable work and donate more to charity drives.
Moral Identity: The degree to which a person views himself or herself as a moral person.
________ is defined as the degree to which people see themselves as moral.
- Moral judgment
- Moral identity
- Trust propensity
- Moral awareness
- Moral intensity
Moral identity is the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person.
Moral Identity: The degree to which a person views himself or herself as a moral person.
According to the principle of ________, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue short-or long-term interests.
- egoism
- ethics of rights
- ethics of duties
- virtue ethics
- utilitarianism
According to the principle of egoism, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests. Markets are purported to limit the degree to which one egoist's interests harm the interests of another.
Interests: Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities.
Which of the following specific principles considers an act to be morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests?
- egoism
- ethics of rites
- ethics of rights
- ethics of duties
- virtue ethics
Under the specific principle of egoism, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests. Markets are purported to limit the degree to which one egoist's interests harm the interests of another.
Interests: Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities.
________ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
- Ethics
- Justice
- Competence
- Trust
- Morality
Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. When employees perceive high levels of ethics, they believe that things are being done the way they "should be" or "ought to be" done.
Ethics: The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
Descriptive ethics evolved with scholars in philosophy debating how people ought to act using various codes and principles.
The study of business ethics has two primary threads to it. One thread is prescriptive in nature, with scholars in philosophy debating how people ought to act using various codes and principles. The second thread is descriptive in nature, with scholars relying on scientific studies to observe how people tend to act based on certain individual and situational characteristics.
Ethics: The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
According to the principle of ________, an act is considered to be morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.
- ethics of rights
- ethics of duties
- egoism
- virtue ethics
- utilitarianism
According to the principle of virtue ethics, an act is morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.