The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."
The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."
Trust Propensity: A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals can be relied upon.
Employees who trust their authorities have ________ relationships that are based on vague, open-ended obligations.
- emotional
- economic exchange
- transactional
- mutually committed
- social exchange
As trust increases, social exchange relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule
Social Exchange: Work relationships that are characterized by mutual investment, with employees willing to engage in “extra mile” sorts of behaviors because they trust that their efforts will eventually be rewarded.
"Playing politics" or "covering one's backside" has a negative effect on employees' job performance, because it hampers their
- continuance commitment.
- normative commitment.
- affective commitment.
- ability to focus.
- social exchange.
A study gave employees survey measures of their trust in two different authorities: their plant's manager and the company's top management team. Both trust measures were significant predictors of employees' ability to focus, which reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss."
Ability To Focus: The degree to which employees can devote their attention to work.
Lourdes' boss, Miguel, has a temper and has been known to chew employees out for minor infractions, and his behavior is changing the workplace. Given what you know about trust, what is Lourdes most likely experiencing?
- Lourdes feels as though she might have to become a whistleblower in order to save the company from Miguel's actions.
- Lourdes finds herself working more slowly and erratically as she steels herself for another one of Miguel's outbursts.
- Lourdes is working more efficiently than ever because she knows Miguel's focus is on the work of other employees.
- Lourdes's relationship with Miguel is developing into one based on vaguely defined obligations.
- Lourdes feels like she can trust Miguel to look out for her interests as an employee.
Research reveals that trust does affect job performance. Why? One reason is that trust is moderately correlated with task performance. Employees' ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss."
Trust: The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority’s actions and intentions.
Which of the following has been proven in research studying the impact of trust on performance and commitment?
- Trust has a strong positive effect on performance.
- Trust has no effect on citizenship behavior.
- Trust makes employees less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors.
- Trust has a strong positive relationship with continuance commitment.
- Trust has a weak positive correlation with affective and normative commitment.
Trust has a moderate positive effect on performance. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance. They are also more likely to engage in citizenship behavior and less likely to engage in counterproductive behavior. Trust has a strong positive effect on commitment. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of affective commitment and higher levels of normative commitment. Trust has no effect on continuance commitment.
Counterproductive Behavior: Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment.
Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on which two factors?
- justice and perception of power
- competence and legitimacy
- ethics and responsibility
- commitment and ethics
- justice and ethics
Trust in authorities depends on two related concepts: justice and ethics.
Ethics: The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has
- poor ethics.
- bad marketing.
- a poor reputation.
- high trustworthiness.
- good after-sales service.
Reputations depend on many things, but one of the most important factors is trust. Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.
Reputation: The prominence of an organization’s brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods and services.
Kathryn was bullied as a child and later married a man who lied and stole money from her. Kathryn is not likely to demonstrate ________ trust.
- disposition-based
- cognitive-based
- affect-based
- organizationally based
- justice-based
Disposition-based trust depends on one's trust propensity, which develops early in life. The less children's needs are met, the less likely they are to develop dispositional-based trust.
Disposition-Based Trust: Trust that is rooted in one’s own personality, as opposed to a careful assessment of the trustee’s trustworthiness.
Which of the following is True with regard to trust propensity?
- The importance of trust propensity is seen in interactions with family and friends.
- Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-based trust.
- Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.
- Trust propensity refers to the use of track records and rational assessments in making decisions.
- Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not trustworthy.
Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.
Trust Propensity: A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals can be relied upon.
Economic exchanges are impersonal and resemble contractual agreements, such that employees agree to fulfill the duties in their job description in exchange for financial compensation.
Economic exchanges are impersonal and resemble contractual agreements, such that employees agree to fulfill the duties in their job description in exchange for financial compensation.
Economic Exchange: Work relationships that resemble a contractual agreement by which employees fulfill job duties in exchange for financial compensation.
Raheem recently hired a new assistant, Cathy. At his office, he often receives confidential letters and documents regarding work, as well as some personal mail, including financial statements. As Raheem often spends much of his day in meetings, he has asked Cathy to collect his mail and leave it on his desk to sort through later. When Cathy gives him the mail, Raheem trusts that she has not stolen or opened any of it. Raheem has a high degree of
- cognition-based trust.
- power-based trust.
- moral awareness.
- trust propensity.
- gullibility.
Some trustors are high in trust propensity-a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. Some have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do suspicious people. Raheem clearly has a degree of high trust propensity.
Trust Propensity: A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals can be relied upon.
It is argued that ________ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."
- cognition-based trust
- trust propensity
- competence
- ability
- rational assessment
Some have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do suspicious people. The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."
________ is the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.
- Trust
- Credence
- Consensus
- Ethics
- Proximity
Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions. Trust reflects the willingness to take that risk.
Trust: The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority’s actions and intentions.
________ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.
- Trust propensity
- Moral judgment
- Moral awareness
- Moral intensity
- Propriety
Trust propensity refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."
Just a week into their new jobs in the marketing and advertising division of a cell phone company, Alexa, Nigel, and Laraine were given the task of creating an advertising campaign for the company's new phone. Alexa and Nigel are having a lot of trouble coming up with anything creative, so when Laraine volunteers to take over, they readily agree. Although they know little about Laraine's skills in this area, they believe she will do a good job. Which of the following is True with regard to Alexa and Nigel?
- They use a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that Laraine will do a good job.
- They exhibit a high degree of trustworthiness in executing the job they were given.
- Nigel presently shares a mentor-protégé relationship with Laraine.
- They have a high degree of disposition-based trust.
- They have a high level of cognition-based trust.
Disposition-based trust has less to do with a particular authority and more to do with the trustor. Some trustors are high in trust propensity-a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. Some have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do suspicious people.
Disposition-Based Trust: Trust that is rooted in one’s own personality, as opposed to a careful assessment of the trustee’s trustworthiness.
Jasmine met Lee at her apartment pool and agreed to go out on a date with him that evening. She has often gone out with people she just met. Her agreement to go out with him when she just met him demonstrates affect-based trust.
Jocelyn's agreement to go out with Bryan when she just met him represents disposition-based trust, which means a person's personality traits include a general propensity to trust others.
Affect-Based Trust: Trust that depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond rational assessment.
Which of the following is an example of an especially ethical behavior?
- moral awareness
- economic exchange
- abusive supervision
- legal compliance
- whistleblowing
Whistleblowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization. Whistleblowing can be viewed as especially ethical because whistleblowers risk potential retaliation by other members of the organization, especially when whistleblowers lack status and power.
Whistle-Blowing: When employees expose illegal actions by their employer.
________ is defined as the process by which employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their employer.
- Social exchange
- Whistleblowing
- Abusive supervision
- Distributive justice
- Economic exchange
Whistleblowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization. Whistleblowing can be viewed as especially ethical because whistleblowers risk potential retaliation by other members of the organization, especially when whistleblowers lack status and power.
Whistle-Blowing: When employees expose illegal actions by their employer.
In 1989, Jeffrey Wigand was a scientist working for tobacco company Brown and Williamson. When he discovered that the company was adding carcinogenic substances to increase the impact of its tobacco, he was fired from his job. In 1996, he went on the TV news show 60 Minutes to reveal this information to the public. His allegations resulted in many state lawsuits that ultimately won $368 billion in settlements against the company, along with greater scrutiny of the tobacco industry. This scenario reflects Wigand's
- preconventional moral reasoning.
- whistleblowing.
- bias suppression.
- trust propensity.
- abusive supervision.
Whistleblowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions of the colleagues, superiors, and the organization. Whistleblowing can be viewed as especially ethical because whistleblowers risk potential retaliation by other members of the organization, especially when whistleblowers lack status and power. Ironically, the company often winds up benefiting from that risk taking, as whistleblowing can bring significant improvements to the ethical culture in an organization over the long term.
Whistle-Blowing: When employees expose illegal actions by their employer.