________ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and they are rare in early adulthood.
- Acute
- Chronic
- Terminal
- Pervasive
Chronic Disorders: Disorders that are characterized by slow onset and long duration. They are rare in early adulthood, increase during middle adulthood, and become common in late adulthood.
________ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.
- Glaucoma
- Diabetes
- Arthritis
- Kidney disease
Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems; this disease is especially common in older adults.
Which of the following chronic conditions has been associated with the greatest limitations on work?
- asthma
- diabetes
- arthritis
- heart condition
Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing.
Giving nursing home residents more control over their daily schedules is:
- harmful.
- beneficial.
- anxiety-provoking.
- usually not necessary for patients that age.
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
In the study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer (1977), which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?
- It led to fewer social interactions.
- It significantly reduced life expectancy.
- It increased the levels of stress.
- It was found to increase longevity.
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
One of the challenges in the health care given to elderly patients is that elderly patients:
- fail to communicate well with their physicians.
- take a less active role in their own treatment.
- are overly concerned about their own health.
- are suspicious of the treatment they receive.
Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations: Correlations that exist when the natural parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
Which of the following reflects the attitudes of health care providers for older adults?
- They are mostly untrained in geriatric care and thus prove inefficient.
- They share society's stereotypes and negative attitudes toward older adults.
- They are mostly young and thus relate better to younger patients.
- They are mostly underpaid and thus lack motivation in providing services.
Ageism: Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is the
- provision of emergency geriatric care.
- availability of trained staff to care for the oldest-old.
- patient's feelings of control and self-determination.
- opportunity to interact with family members during the stay.
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents' advisory board," consisting of the people who live in the home. The board consults with the staff on changes that affect the residents' lives and help plan the monthly activities. Based on a study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer, you would expect Marie to be
- happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.
- stressed by having to make decisions; that's what she pays the staff to do.
- even more depressed that she is not able to live on her own any more.
- apathetic about what happens to her.
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
A study revealed that hearing loss was associated with a reduction in cognitive function in
- infants.
- older adults.
- young women.
- middle-aged men.
Ageism: Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
Which of the following is linked to more rapid onset of hearing difficulties in older adults?
- defects in mitochondria and declining levels of testosterone
- poor nutrition and a lifetime of smoking
- high blood pressure and resistant hypertension
- dietary intake of beta-carotene and obesity
Chronic Disorders: Disorders that are characterized by slow onset and long duration. They are rare in early adulthood, increase during middle adulthood, and become common in late adulthood.
Which of the following is true of changes in sensory functioning in late adulthood?
- For adults between 65 and 74 years, there is less susceptibility to masking of what is heard by noise.
- People in young-old age are at significant risk for visual dysfunction from cataracts and glaucoma.
- Visual acuity loss can be prevented by corrective lenses for adults between 65 and 74 years.
- For adults who are 75 years and older, there is a significant loss of hearing at high and middle frequencies.
Which of the following is true of hearing loss in older adults?
- Older adults often recognize that they have a hearing problem.
- Older adults' hearing aid use is associated with increased loneliness.
- Older adults accept loss of hearing as a part of growing old.
- Older adults' cognitive abilities are seldom affected by loss of hearing.
Acceptance: Kübler-Ross’ fifth stage of dying, in which the dying person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of her or his fate, and, in many cases, a desire to be left alone.