Felicia is a 70-year-old American woman. Her doctor should be most concerned about her developing ________, the leading cause of death in her age group.
- cancer
- influenza
- lung disease
- cardiovascular disease
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75-to-84 and 85-and-over age groups?
- cardiovascular disease
- kidney disease
- cancer
- hypertension
Chronic Disorders: Disorders that are characterized by slow onset and long duration. They are rare in early adulthood, increase during middle adulthood, and become common in late adulthood.
Among ethnic groups in the United States, ________ have high death rates for stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and female breast cancer.
- African Americans
- Asian Americans
- Latinos
- Non-Latino Whites
Ethnicity: A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.
Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by
- removing the cap of the DNA molecule.
- injecting it with telomerase.
- rearranging the DNA sequences.
- splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.
Telomeres and telomerase are increasingly thought to be key components of the ________ process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.
- hormone production
- antibody proliferation
- free radical regeneration
- stem cell regeneration
Macular Degeneration: A disease that involves deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field.
________ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes.
- Free radicals
- Polymers
- Telomeres
- Mitochondria
Chromosomes: Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.
________ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.
- Evolutionary
- Cellular clock
- Free-radical
- Hormonal stress
Cellular Clock Theory: Leonard Hayflick’s theory that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells have less capacity to divide.
According to cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell can no longer reproduce and the ________ are dramatically reduced.
- mitochondria
- telomeres
- chromosomes
- sperm cells
Cellular Clock Theory: Leonard Hayflick’s theory that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells have less capacity to divide.
According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ________, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood.
- reproductive fitness
- neurogenesis
- cognitive and perceptual fitness
- muscular and skeletal strength
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease has not been eliminated by evolution?
- It appears only in adolescence or early adulthood.
- It is a genetic disorder.
- It is caused by improper diet and inadequate physical activity.
- It does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood.
Middle Adulthood: The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.
Exercise is related to reduced risk of developing
- type I diabetes.
- rosacea.
- Alzheimer disease.
- breast cancer.
Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?
- cellular clock theory
- free-radical theory
- telomerase-injection theory
- hormonal stress theory
Free-Radical Theory: A microbiological theory of aging that states that people age because normal metabolic processes within their cells produce unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. These molecules ricochet around inside cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.
Researchers have found that ________ reduces the oxidative damage created by free radicals.
- hormone replacement therapy
- moderate intake of red wine
- a diet restricted in calories
- a macrobiotic diet
Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
Nate and Laura are siblings in their late 60s. Compared with Nate, Laura is less likely to have
- arthritis.
- hypertension.
- visual problems.
- hearing problems.
Separation Protest: An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.