About This Chapter
This test preparation bank offers test questions focused on areas such as bandura's social cognitive theory, biological processes, and the characteristics of life-spans perspective. It features precisely structured multiple-choice questions with correct answers, detailed explanations, and glossary definitions, structured by difficulty ratings with accurate responses, detailed explanations, and glossary references. All questions provide verified answers, comprehensive explanations, glossary definitions, and difficulty grades for effective practice.
The learning objectives include:
✓ Summarize the main theories of human development.
✓ Describe the processes, periods, and issues in human development.; Summarize the features of the lifespan perspective.
✓ Summarize the features of the lifespan perspective.
Question 1
Bandura's most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, environment, and
- person/cognition.
- culture.
- education level.
- motivation.
Correct Answer:
person/cognition.
Glossary:
Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing.
Question 2
Danny's mother is even-tempered, fair, and tactful. Seeing this, Danny is growing up to be a polite, good-natured boy too. This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of ________ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.
- operant conditioning
- observational learning
- salient stimuli
- classical conditioning
Correct Answer:
observational learning
Glossary:
Service Learning: A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
Question 3
Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of ________ processes that affect development.
- cognitive
- biological
- socioemotional
- cultural
Correct Answer:
biological
Glossary:
Biological Processes: Changes in an individual’s physical nature.
Question 4
By age 51, most women enter menopause. This is an example of how a biological process can exert a ________ influence on development.
- normative history-graded
- nonnormative multidirectional
- normative age-graded
- nonnormative age-graded
Correct Answer:
normative age-graded
Glossary:
Normative Age-Graded Influences: Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.
Question 5
When taking his psychology class, Professor Sharma emphasizes that developmental change occurs throughout adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) ________ approach to developmental change.
- life-span
- evolutionary
- normative
- constructivist
Correct Answer:
life-span
Glossary:
Life Span: The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.
Question 6
Bruce Chan, a 57-year-old accountant, decides to enroll in a short-term course on creative writing. He performs well in the course and is surprised that he does so despite not having engaged in creative writing for over 25 years. This scenario most likely illustrates Paul Baltes's view that development is
- plastic.
- multidisciplinary.
- lifelong.
- contextual.
Correct Answer:
plastic.
Question 7
The maximum life span of humans
- has increased over time.
- has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.
- has matched their life expectancy in recent times.
- is about sixty-five years as the first decade of the twenty-first century draws to a close.
Correct Answer:
has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.
Glossary:
Life Span: The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.
Question 8
Who among the following is most likely taking the traditional approach to the study of development?
- Daren who emphasizes developmental change throughout adulthood as well as childhood
- Nick who emphasizes extensive change in adulthood
- James who emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age
- Gregory who emphasizes development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual
Correct Answer:
James who emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age
Glossary:
Ageism: Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
Question 9
As people enter adolescence, they start focusing more time on romantic relationships and spend less time with friends as a result. This illustrates how development is
- plastic.
- contextual.
- multidisciplinary.
- multidirectional.
Correct Answer:
multidirectional.
Glossary:
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
Question 10
The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is
- plastic.
- contextual.
- multidimensional.
- lifelong.
Correct Answer:
lifelong.
Glossary:
Life Span: The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.
Question 11
On your first day of class, Professor Red-Elk claims that for too long we have focused on the development of young children, especially infants. She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important. This professor is articulating a(n) ________ approach.
- evolutionary
- constructivist
- normative
- life-span
Correct Answer:
life-span
Question 12
Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that
- begins at childhood and continues until adulthood.
- begins at conception and continues until adulthood.
- begins at birth and continues through the human life span.
- begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
Correct Answer:
begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
Question 13
Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that development is
- lifelong.
- contextual.
- multidimensional.
- plastic.
Correct Answer:
multidimensional.
Question 14
Many individuals become wiser as they age, but their performance on tasks that require speed in processing information starts to decline. This illustrates how throughout life some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is
- plastic.
- contextual.
- multidisciplinary.
- multidirectional.
Correct Answer:
multidirectional.
Glossary:
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
Question 15
Jeremy becomes fluent in English at the age of 4. At the age of 6, he becomes fluent in French. However, when Jeremy's parents try to teach him Spanish when he is 8 years old, they find that Jeremy's capacity to acquire a new language has decreased. This scenario most likely illustrates Paul Baltes's view that development is ________.
- plastic
- contextual
- multidisciplinary
- multidirectional
Correct Answer:
multidirectional
Glossary:
Language: A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols. Language consists of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.
Question 16
________ means the capacity for change.
- Elasticity
- Plasticity
- Contextuality
- Tenacity
Correct Answer:
Plasticity
Glossary:
Transitivity: The ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions.