McKenzie, age two, wants to do everything on her own. Her mother punishes her when she attempts to pour her own milk or tries to answer the phone. Erikson would say that McKenzie is likely to develop a sense of
- inferiority.
- autonomy.
- stagnation.
- shame and doubt.
Johnny is attempting to resolve the crisis of initiative vs. guilt. According to Erik Erikson, he is most likely in
- preschool.
- elementary school.
- junior high school.
- high school.
Crisis: Marcia’s term for a period of identity development during which the adolescent is exploring alternatives.
Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of ________ stages that last from the first year of life to ________.
- seven; early adulthood
- eight; late adulthood
- six; adolescence
- nine; death
Middle Adulthood: The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.
Roger looks back on his life and feels that he failed to reach his potential, squandered opportunities, and hurt a lot of people. At 82 years of age, he knows it is too late to make amends. Roger is slipping into
- stagnation.
- identity confusion.
- despair.
- mistrust.
Integrity Versus Despair: Erikson’s eighth and final stage of development, which individuals experience in late adulthood. This involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent.
Kelly responds to her infant's needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of
- autonomy.
- initiative.
- trust.
- integrity.
The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for
- helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives.
- forming healthy friendships and an intimate relationship with another.
- developing healthy ego boundaries.
- feeling secure in one's job.
Identity Achievement: Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment.
The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental theory is
- generativity versus stagnation.
- trust versus mistrust.
- integrity versus despair.
- intimacy versus isolation.
Integrity Versus Despair: Erikson’s eighth and final stage of development, which individuals experience in late adulthood. This involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent.
Caitlin, age 25, has a good job as a financial analyst but she has few friends and has had no success in dating. She admits that being close to others is a problem for her. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, Caitlin is at a risk of reaching the state of
- stagnation.
- guilt.
- isolation.
- shame and doubt.
Assimilation: Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
Jessica, 16, is in the process of deciding what she wants to study in college. She wants to be an engineer one day and a painter the next day. Erik Erikson would say Jessica is in the ________ stage of development.
- intimacy versus isolation
- identity versus identity confusion
- initiative versus guilt
- industry versus inferiority
Identity Diffusion: Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis (explored meaningful alternatives) or made any commitments.
The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the ________ theory of development.
- psychobiological
- psychogenic
- psychosocial
- psychoanatomical
Erikson’s Theory: Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that
- Freud underestimated the role of the unconscious mind in determining the life-span development of an individual.
- Erikson believed that development lasted only until the age of 20.
- Erikson emphasized the importance of both early and later experiences.
- Erikson overemphasized the role of sexuality in the life-span development of an individual.
Erikson’s Theory: Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
The elementary school years where children need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills is when Erikson's stage of ________ takes place.
- intimacy versus isolation
- integrity versus despair
- autonomy versus shame and doubt
- industry versus inferiority
The first stage in Erikson's theory is
- autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- initiative versus guilt.
- generativity versus stagnation.
- trust versus mistrust.
Erikson’s Theory: Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
Edwin was a neglected child in his infancy. Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon. In his relationship, he is suspicious toward his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this indicates that Edwin did not successfully resolve the ________ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience ________ in his current developmental stage.
- identity versus identity confusion; stagnation
- trust versus mistrust; isolation
- autonomy versus shame and doubt; confusion
- trust versus mistrust; despair
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
Two-year-old Julia is learning to talk, and her parents would say that her favorite word is "no." This would be considered normal for a child in Erik Erikson's life-span stage of
- initiative versus guilt.
- intimacy versus isolation.
- autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- trust versus mistrust.
Life Span: The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to live sets in during the ________ stage.
- industry versus inferiority
- intimacy versus isolation
- initiative versus guilt
- trust versus mistrust
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of ________ occurs.
- intimacy versus isolation
- integrity versus despair
- initiative versus guilt
- industry versus inferiority
Integrity Versus Despair: Erikson’s eighth and final stage of development, which individuals experience in late adulthood. This involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent.