About This Chapter
This assessment collection covers containing test items covering areas like the memory and the menopause. Provides provides True/False questions featuring accurate responses, comprehensive explanations, and key term definitions arranged by difficulty scales featuring verified solutions, comprehensive explanations, and key term glossaries. Every question offers accurate answers, explanatory notes, definitional resources, and difficulty ratings for a comprehensive review.
The learning goals are as follows:
✓ Summarize cognitive changes in middle adulthood.
✓ Summarize physical development in middle adulthood.
Question 1
Which of the following statements is true of working memory?
- Decline in working memory is more likely to occur when individuals do not use effective memory strategies, such as organization and imagery.
- Studies indicate that starting in late middle age, less time is needed to learn new information as working memory expands.
- Decline in working memory in late middle age is due to lack of information stored over the years.
- Studies indicate that techniques such as imagining phone numbers as representing different objects around the house are highly inefficient in improving working memory in middle adulthood.
Correct Answer:
Decline in working memory is more likely to occur when individuals do not use effective memory strategies, such as organization and imagery.
Glossary:
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
Question 2
Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?
- Avoid using vivid imagery to keep from becoming distracted.
- Use a recall rather than recognition strategy whenever possible.
- Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.
- Avoid using the information to be remembered so that it does not become confused with other information.
Correct Answer:
Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.
Glossary:
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
Question 3
According to Denise Park, much of the blame for declining memory in late middle age is a result of
- neuroanatomical changes during late middle age.
- decreased blood supply to various parts of the brain.
- physiological and cognitive atrophy during late middle age.
- information overload that builds up over the adult years.
Correct Answer:
information overload that builds up over the adult years.
Glossary:
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
Question 4
The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in ________, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
- working memory
- brain circuitry
- episodic memory
- neural network
Correct Answer:
working memory
Glossary:
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
Question 5
According to cognitive aging expert Denise Park, the slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in
- dopamine levels.
- working memory.
- cognitive atrophy.
- neurotransmitter dysfunctions.
Correct Answer:
working memory.
Glossary:
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
Question 6
Ruth is currently in menopause. This indicates that the production of ________ by her ovaries will decline drastically.
- testosterone
- estrogen
- adrenaline
- insulin
Correct Answer:
estrogen
Glossary:
Teratogen: From the Greek word tera, meaning “monster.” Any agent that causes a birth defect. The field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects is called teratology.
Question 7
Diana is 50 years old and has recently started experiencing a few symptoms of menopause. Which of the following symptoms is Diana most likely to experience?
- bipolar disorder
- psychotic depression
- hot flashes
- high blood sugar
Correct Answer:
hot flashes
Glossary:
Menopause: Cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods, usually during the late forties or early fifties.
Question 8
________ is the transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all.
- Postmenopause
- Postmenarche
- Perimenopause
- Periadrenarche
Correct Answer:
Perimenopause
Glossary:
Menopause: Cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods, usually during the late forties or early fifties.
Question 9
Which of the following statements about the onset of menarche and menopause is true?
- The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the 20th century.
- The average age at which U.S. women have their last period is 61.
- Women who reported early menarche were prone to have earlier menopause.
- In menarche, production of estrogen by the ovaries declines dramatically.
Correct Answer:
The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the 20th century.
Glossary:
Menarche: A girl’s first menstruation.
Question 10
Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining of nausea and fatigue. Based on these symptoms, what could be her initial diagnosis?
- She has hyperthyroidism.
- She is going through menopause.
- She is going through postpartum depression.
- She has atherosclerosis.
Correct Answer:
She is going through menopause.
Glossary:
Menopause: Cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods, usually during the late forties or early fifties.
Question 11
Meghan is showing initial signs of menopause. She decides to research online about menopause and familiarize herself with the causes, symptoms, and the treatments related to this process. After reading about the treatment plans and other details online, she decides that she will not opt for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which of the following statements favors Meghan's decision to forego HRT?
- HRT is least favorable in reducing negative menopausal symptoms for women 60 years and younger who are within 10 years of menopausal onset.
- HRT is least favorable in reducing bone loss or fracture for women 60 years and younger who are within 10 years of menopausal onset.
- HRT is less favorable for women who are more than 10 or more years from menopausal onset because of greater risk for cardiovascular disease.
- HRT is less favorable for women who are below 50 years because of greater risk for Alzheimer disease.
Correct Answer:
HRT is less favorable for women who are more than 10 or more years from menopausal onset because of greater risk for cardiovascular disease.
Question 12
Why is menopause an important marker for women?
- It signals the loss of active sexual life for most women.
- They have to make final decisions about having children.
- They are at greater risk of contracting infectious diseases.
- They are at an increased risk of developing dementia.
Correct Answer:
They have to make final decisions about having children.
Question 13
Which of the following types of hormones is most commonly administered during hormone replacement therapy?
- estrogen
- testosterone
- follicle stimulating hormone
- luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer:
estrogen
Glossary:
Teratogen: From the Greek word tera, meaning “monster.” Any agent that causes a birth defect. The field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects is called teratology.
Question 14
Which of the following statements about menopause is true?
- The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years.
- There is a correlation between the onset of menarche and the onset of menopause.
- Perimenopause takes up to 2 years or less in most women.
- Later menopause is linked with increased risk of breast cancer.
Correct Answer:
Later menopause is linked with increased risk of breast cancer.