In one longitudinal study, when 3-year-old children showed good control of their emotions and were resilient in the face of stress, they were
- likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.
- less likely as adults to be assertive.
- likely to be aggressive in their relationships in later adulthood.
- more likely to engage in compulsive gambling in early adulthood.
Emotion: Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced.
Theodore Wachs proposed ways that linkages between temperament in childhood and personality in adulthood might vary depending on the
- genetic makeup of the individual.
- intervening contexts in individuals' experience.
- age at which the child exhibited the personality trait.
- brain development of the individual.
Temperament: Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.
________ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses.
- Attitude
- Temper
- Disposition
- Temperament
Temperament: Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.
Research relating to individual temperaments has indicated that children with an easy temperament at ages 3 to 5
- are more likely to have learning disabilities in adolescence.
- largely do not carry that temperament into adulthood.
- are less likely than other adults to be assertive.
- are more likely to be well adjusted as young adults.
Temperament: Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.
Which of the following statements is true about the role of temperament among children and adults?
- Children are likely to be well adjusted as adults regardless of their temperament during childhood.
- Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood are more likely than other adults to delay entering a stable job track.
- Children with an easy temperament are less likely to be well adjusted as young adults.
- Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood are more likely than other adults to be assertive or experience social support.
Which of the following scenarios will most likely increase the tendency of a child to become an introvert and create more emotional problems as an adult?
- admitting the child to peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests
- having caregivers who are sensitive and accepting and allowing the child to set his own pace
- presence of "defensible shelters" that the child can retreat to when there is too much stimulation in the physical environment
- enrolling the child in a school that is overmanned
Emotion: Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced.
Which of the following scenarios will most likely aid an inhibited child in being outgoing, sociable, and emotionally stable as an adult?
- peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests, so the child feels accepted
- the child continuously encountering noisy, chaotic environments that allow no escape from stimulation
- caregivers using inappropriate "low-level control" and attempting to force the child into new situations
- the school being "overmanned," so inhibited children are less likely to be tolerated and more likely to feel undervalued
Emotion: Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced.
Carla and Steve are in a love relationship. Carla has appraised their relationship and fully intends to maintain it even when faced with problems. Carla believes that Steve also loves her and will stand by her through life's ups and downs. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, which of the following dimensions of love is emphasized in this scenario?
- commitment
- intimacy
- attachment
- passion
Commitment: Marcia’s term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in identity.
Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?
- affectionate love
- infatuation
- consummate
- companionate love
Habituation: Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
Brenda and Jonathan have been married for 15 years. When Brenda develops a potentially fatal lung disease, Jonathan retires in order to care for Brenda. This shows that Brenda and Jonathan's relationship has a high level of
- infatuation.
- commitment.
- fatuous love.
- passion.
Commitment: Marcia’s term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in identity.
Gary and Nina, who are colleagues, are attracted to each other and have an affair with each other. However, they do not have feelings for each other and do not intend to maintain or appraise the relationship. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Gary and Nina's love relationship is mostly likely categorized as
- fatuous love.
- romance.
- infatuation.
- companionate love.
Habituation: Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, ________ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
- attachment
- intimacy
- commitment
- passion
According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, ________ is physical and sexual attraction to another.
- attachment
- commitment
- intimacy
- passion
Assimilation: Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
Martin and Suzy, who are classmates, have an affair with each other. They are in a relationship that has an ingredient of passion. However, they do not have feelings of warmth or closeness toward each other and do not intend to appraise the relationship. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Martin and Suzy's love relationship is mostly likely categorized as
- infatuation.
- intimacy.
- fatuous love.
- companionate love.
Habituation: Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
Naina and Samir, who are a couple, are passionate about each other. They are physically and sexually attracted to one another. They know that they can count on each other during the ups and downs of life, and they intend to maintain their relationship in the face of problems. However, they lack feelings of warmth or closeness toward each other and avoid sharing their thoughts. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Naina and Samir are most likely experiencing
- romantic love.
- fatuous love.
- affectionate love.
- consummate love.
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of
- role exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment.
- shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment.
- passion, commitment, and intimacy.
- transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.
Commitment: Marcia’s term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in identity.
Which of the following is a component of Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love?
- passion
- exchange
- jealousy
- good looks
Assimilation: Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.