About This Chapter
This exam set focuses on targeting essential exam topics such as the career challenges and changes, the creativity and the exercise. Features supplies test questions featuring verified responses, detailed explanations, and concept glossaries supplemented with accurate responses and detailed reasoning. Complete answer documentation with thorough explanations supports rapid verification and concept mastery.
The learning objectives include:
✓ Summarize the transition to higher education and work in early childhood.
✓ Summarize cognitive changes in young adulthood.
✓ Summarize physical development in young adults.
Question 1
Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at the top management level. Carol seems to have hit the
- brick wall.
- glass wall.
- glass ceiling.
- invisible ceiling.
Correct Answer:
glass ceiling.
Question 2
The invisible barrier to career advancement that prevents women and ethnic minorities from holding managerial or executive jobs, regardless of their accomplishments and merits, is known as the
- brick wall.
- glass wall.
- glass ceiling.
- embargo
Correct Answer:
glass ceiling.
Question 3
Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unemployment on an individual?
- Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide.
- Life satisfaction drops considerably following unemployment and completely returns upon reemployment.
- Temporary unemployment is the only scenario in which stress is not experienced.
- Marital difficulties decline significantly following unemployment.
Correct Answer:
Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide.
Glossary:
Correlational Research: Research that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics.
Question 4
Which of the following statements is true of unemployment in the United States?
- Unemployment rates in the United States have drastically decreased in recent years.
- Individuals who cope best with unemployment often refrain from relying on the earnings of other family members.
- Unemployment is associated with a decreased mortality risk for individuals in the early and middle stages of their careers.
- Unemployment is related to physical problems, emotional problems, marital difficulties, and homicide.
Correct Answer:
Unemployment is related to physical problems, emotional problems, marital difficulties, and homicide.
Glossary:
Emotion: Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced.
Question 5
According to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, ________ refers to a heightened state of pleasure experienced when we are engaged in mental and physical challenges that absorb us.
- bliss
- flow
- euphoria
- nirvana
Correct Answer:
flow
Question 6
In such fields as lyric poetry, abstract math, and theoretical physics, the peak of creativity is often reached during
- the late fifties.
- the twenties or thirties.
- early adolescence.
- old age.
Correct Answer:
the twenties or thirties.
Question 7
Which of the following statements is true about creativity?
- In such fields as philosophy and history, older adults often show less creativity than they did when they were in their thirties and forties.
- Typically, the most productive creators in any field are hardly as prolific as their least productive counterparts.
- In such fields as lyric poetry, abstract math, and theoretical physics, the peak of creativity is often reached in the late seventies or eighties.
- Researchers have found that creativity peaks in adulthood and then declines.
Correct Answer:
Researchers have found that creativity peaks in adulthood and then declines.
Glossary:
Creative Thinking: The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems.
Question 8
According to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the first step toward a more creative life is
- cultivating one's curiosity and interest.
- spending time on routine activities.
- accepting one's limitations.
- learning about familiar ideas.
Correct Answer:
cultivating one's curiosity and interest.
Glossary:
Tertiary Circular Reactions, Novelty, And Curiosity: Piaget’s fifth sensorimotor substage, which develops between 12 and 18 months of age. In this substage, infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things that they can make happen to objects.
Question 9
Mini wants to know what activities would be most conducive to creative thinking. Based on what people reported in Csikszentmihalyi's research, you would suggest that Mini would be at her creative best during activities that
- demand complete attention.
- leave little time free to think about peripheral issues.
- are semiautomatic.
- demand practically no attention.
Correct Answer:
are semiautomatic.
Glossary:
Creative Thinking: The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems.
Question 10
Fathima frequently experiences feelings of sadness and hopelessness. She constantly feels tired and has also developed insomnia. Upon consulting a doctor, she is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Fathima's doctor is most likely to recommend she
- increase her screen time.
- spend less time socializing.
- increase her intake of fast food.
- cycle for 30 minutes daily.
Correct Answer:
cycle for 30 minutes daily.
Glossary:
Aerobic Exercise: Sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Question 11
According to recent studies, the most effective programs for losing weight include
- music.
- exercise.
- reading.
- dieting.
Correct Answer:
exercise.
Glossary:
Aerobic Exercise: Sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Question 12
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between exercise and screen time?
- Linking obesity with heavy TV viewing is a popular myth and lacks scientific proof.
- Heavy screen time spent only on the Internet is usually harmless to the individual.
- Viewing six hours of TV in a day is most likely to reduce life expectancy by almost 5 years.
- Only people who watch TV and browse the Internet remain obese regardless of the time they spend exercising.
Correct Answer:
Viewing six hours of TV in a day is most likely to reduce life expectancy by almost 5 years.
Glossary:
Life Expectancy: The number of years that will probably be lived by the average person born in a particular year.
Question 13
Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is true?
- About 50 percent of adults get the recommended levels of physical activity.
- Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.
- Only intense physical activities will produce important physical gains.
- Exercise has little impact on self-concept and in reducing anxiety.
Correct Answer:
Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.
Glossary:
Aerobic Exercise: Sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Question 14
Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?
- weight lifting
- cycling
- bodybuilding
- sprinting
Correct Answer:
cycling
Question 15
Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include
- a calorie-reducing diet.
- daily weigh-ins.
- exercise.
- counseling.
Correct Answer:
exercise.
Question 16
Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as
- calisthenics.
- strength training.
- flexibility exercises.
- aerobic exercises.
Correct Answer:
aerobic exercises.