Eleven-month-old Jenny looks at her toy golf club, grasps it tightly, and visually inspects it. She then uses the toy golf club to bring another toy within reach. In the context of Piaget's theory of infant development, Jenny is in the ________ substage of the sensorimotor stage.
- simple reflexes
- secondary circular reactions
- coordination of secondary circular reactions
- first habits and primary circular reactions
Coordination Of Secondary Circular Reactions: Piaget’s fourth sensorimotor substage, which develops between 8 and 12 months of age. Actions become more outwardly directed, and infants coordinate schemes and act with intentionality.
In which sensorimotor substage does an infant's actions become more object-oriented?
- the simple reflexes substage
- the first habits substage
- the secondary circular reactions substage
- the primary circular reactions substage
Secondary Circular Reactions: Piaget’s third sensorimotor substage, which develops between 4 and 8 months of age. In this substage, the infant becomes more object-oriented, moving beyond preoccupation with the self.
Sixteen-month-old Akel plays endlessly with a ball, rolling it, throwing it, using it to knock over other toys, standing on it, and trying to ride on it. Which of the following Jean Piaget's substages of the sensorimotor stage is represented by Akel's behavior?
- the primary circular reactions substage
- the secondary circular reactions substage
- the coordination of secondary circular reactions substage
- the tertiary circular reactions substage
Primary Circular Reaction: A scheme based on the attempt to reproduce an event that initially occurred by chance.
Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage of development into ________ substages.
- two
- three
- five
- six
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
In which sensorimotor substage does an infant develop the ability to use primitive symbols?
- the simple reflexes substage
- the first habits and primary circular reactions substage
- the secondary circular reactions substage
- the internalization of schemes substage
Internalization Of Schemes: Piaget’s sixth and final sensorimotor substage, which develops between 18 and 24 months of age. In this substage, the infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols.
Which of the following statements is true of the sixth sensorimotor substage of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?
- In this substage, an infant becomes intrigued by the many properties of objects for the first time.
- An infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols in this substage.
- The most significant change in this substage is the presence of intentionality.
- This substage is marked by complete preoccupation with the self and body.
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
According to Piaget, a ________ is an internal sensory image or word that represents an event.
- transducer
- sensation
- symbol
- memory
Symbolic Function Substage: Piaget’s first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present (between about 2 and 4 years of age).
The sensorimotor stage of development lasts from birth to about
- 6 months of age.
- 8 months of age.
- 1 year of age.
- 2 years of age.
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
When Monica was born, she showed the typical grasping reflex by closing her fingers around anything that brushed against her palm. After a few weeks, she showed this grasping behavior even when nothing touched her palm. Monica developed a ________ or a scheme based on a reflex that became completely separated from its eliciting stimulus.
- habit
- simple reflex
- primitive symbol
- circular reaction
Grasping Reflex: A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms and the infant responds by grasping tightly.
Which of the following substages of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development corresponds to the first month after birth?
- primary circular reactions
- simple reflexes
- tertiary circular reactions
- internalization of schemes
Simple Reflexes: Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage, which corresponds to the first month after birth. In this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviors.
Josh is three months old. His mother observes that he sucks even when there is no bottle or nipple present nearby and even in the absence of any object touching his lips. In the context of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development, Josh is most likely in the ________ sensorimotor substage.
- simple reflexes
- first habits and primary circular reactions
- tertiary circular reactions
- coordination of secondary circular reactions
First Habits and Primary Circular Reactions: Piaget’s second sensorimotor substage, which develops between 1 and 4 months of age. In this substage, the infant coordinates sensation and two types of schemes: habits and primary circular reactions.
Which of the following substages of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development marks the starting point for human curiosity and interest in novelty?
- the second substage
- the third substage
- the fourth substage
- the fifth substage
Which of the following substages of sensorimotor development is characterized by coordination of sensation and action through reflexive behaviors?
- conditioned reflexes
- first habits and primary circular reactions
- simple reflexes
- coordination of secondary circular reactions
Simple Reflexes: Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage, which corresponds to the first month after birth. In this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviors.
Jane asks Harry, "You didn't go to the party, didn't you?" In the context of the five systems of rules involved in language, this is grammatically incorrect because of an error in ________.
- syntax
- semantics
- pragmatics
- phonetics
Syntax: The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
________ involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
- Semantics
- Phraseology
- Syntax
- Phonology
Syntax: The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
Consider the sentence "The boy the ball with a hit bat." Which of the following rule systems of language does the sentence violate?
- phonology
- syntax
- morphology
- pragmatics
Syntax: The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
In the context of the five systems of rules involved in language, which of the following is the system that involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences?
- phonology
- syntax
- semantics
- reciprocity
"Want ice cream," "Fall down," and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of
- holophrases.
- repetitive speech patterns.
- telegraphic speech.
- reflexive speech patterns.
Telegraphic Speech: The use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives.