________ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in producing words.
- Broca's area
- Wernicke's area
- Morton's area
- SMA area
Broca’s Area: An area in the brain’s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production.
A loss or impairment of language processing ability caused by brain injury is called
- dysphagia.
- aphasia.
- autism.
- mutism.
Aphasia: A loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain damage.
________ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the comprehension of speech.
- Broca's area
- SMA area
- Morton's area
- Wernicke's area
Wernicke’s Area: An area in the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension.
As an infant, Mary suffered damage to the ________ of her brain. This injury severely affected her comprehension abilities; even though her speech is fluent, it remains incomprehensible.
- Broca's area
- SMA area
- Morton's area
- Wernicke's area
Wernicke’s Area: An area in the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension.
Mariah has suffered damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain. When she tries to speak, she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly. Mariah has sustained injury to the
- Broca's area.
- Wernicke's area.
- SMA area.
- Morton's area.
Broca’s Area: An area in the brain’s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production.
Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a ________, a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.
- language acquisition device
- biological language center
- primary language center
- biological language device
Language Acquisition Device (LAD): Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment enabling the child to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.
Ariel is nine months old. She understands that a bird is an animal and that an airplane is a vehicle even though both the objects have wings. According to Jean Mandler, which of the following statements is most likely true of Ariel's categorization of the objects?
- Ariel has conceptually categorized the objects.
- Ariel has categorized the objects by making perceptual discriminations between different categories of objects.
- Ariel has perceptually categorized the objects.
- Ariel has categorized the objects on the basis of prototypes that she extracted from the structural regularities of the objects.
Concepts: Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas.
According to Jean Mandler, ________ refers to categorizations of objects by infants based on similar features of the objects, such as size, color, and movement, as well as parts of the objects, such as legs for animals.
- conceptual categorization
- assimilation
- infinite generativity
- perceptual categorization
Perception: The interpretation of what is sensed.
________ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas.
- Symbols
- Concepts
- Habits
- Semantics
Concepts: Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas.
Which of the following theories states that the consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior's occurrence?
- theory of operant conditioning
- dual process theory
- attention schema theory
- theory of social reinforcement
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
Identify a true statement about the role of social interaction in language development.
- Researchers have found that a child's vocabulary development is linked to the family's socioeconomic status.
- Michael Tomasello emphasizes that children learn language in general contexts as they are unable to understand the intentions of other people.
- Research indicates that children and infants readily learn language from television and videos.
- Children's vocabulary development is unrelated to the type of talk that parents direct to their children.
Language: A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols. Language consists of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.
Rebecca says "Milk spill" to which her grandfather replies "Yes, the milk spilled on the floor." This is an example of
- reframing.
- expanding.
- correcting.
- labeling.
As they walk in the park together, Damon's dad points out various objects to him-flowers, birds, butterflies, slides, swings, vehicles, and so on-and helps Damon name each of them. Damon's dad is using ________ to help his son learn language.
- echoing
- encoding
- labeling
- recasting
Language: A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols. Language consists of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.
Child-directed speech is the
- ability of parents to understand their children's holographic speech.
- unique way that parents (and others) talk to babies.
- continual correcting of children's syntax by parents.
- special way parents speak to each other in front of their children.
Child-Directed Speech: Language spoken in a higher pitch and slower speed than normal, with simple words and sentences.
While playing with his toy truck on the couch, Nezzy points to the toy truck and says, "Truck go." His father responds to this by saying, "Oh! Did you see the truck going?" In the context of caregiver strategies, this scenario illustrates the strategy of
- labeling.
- recasting.
- overextending.
- underextending.
Brainstorming: A technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other’s ideas, and say almost anything that comes to mind.
When Alice speaks to her six-month-old nephew, her voice immediately takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins to use more simplistic words and phrases. This change in Alice's language behavior is an example of
- echoing.
- recasting.
- child-directed speech.
- morphology.
Child-Directed Speech: Language spoken in a higher pitch and slower speed than normal, with simple words and sentences.