According to Petry and others (2017), young children from ________ families are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia.
- urban
- elementary
- nuclear
- low-income
Socioeconomic Status (SES): Refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
Leah, a 6-year-old girl, is a fussy eater. She avoids eating dark green vegetables and meat. She only prefers junk food. She feels weak, becomes tired easily, and shows signs of chronic fatigue. It can be said that Leah is showing symptoms of
- lactose intolerance.
- binge eating disorder
- iron deficiency anemia
- alopecia areata.
Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because
- at her age, she has no long-term memories.
- her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion.
- she is more likely to embellish her memories.
- children cannot recall details of events sequentially.
Irene conducts a laboratory experiment to test the memory of children. She rapidly reads out a list of colors to three children aged 4, 6, and 13 years. The children are then asked to repeat the names of the colors. Irene notices that the 6-year-old and the 13-year-old are able to recall more colors than the 4-year-old. This experiment illustrates that
- younger children tend to rehearse information more than older children do.
- short-term memory decreases during late childhood.
- information is retained in short-term memory for a long period without rehearsal.
- memory span varies from one individual to another.
Experiment: A carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant.
In a study comparing the memory spans of preschool and elementary school children, the latter group consistently scored better. This apparent increase in memory span with age could be explained partly by how
- peer groups play a part in short-term memory.
- older children rehearse the digits from their tests more than younger children do.
- elementary schools practice scaffolding.
- memory-span tests are not always an accurate measure of short-term memory.
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
Identify a characteristic of autobiographical memory.
- It pertains to information acquired during adolescence rather than childhood.
- It allows people to do routine work without requiring conscious thought.
- It involves memory of significant events and experiences in one's life.
- It refers to information that is retained for up to 30 seconds if it is not rehearsed.
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
Which of the following statements is true of short-term memory?
- One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task.
- In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to 5 minutes if there is no rehearsal of the information.
- Short-term memory involves memory of significant events and experiences in one's life.
- An aspect of short-term memory that has been extensively studied in research on children's development is autobiographical memory.
Short-Term Memory: The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal of the information.
Using rehearsal, we can keep information in short-term memory for a much longer period. In this context, rehearsal means
- preparing for a memory-span test.
- doing mental exercises daily to keep one's mind sharp.
- repeating information after it has been presented.
- taking regular memory-span tests.
Short-Term Memory: The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal of the information.
Patsy is a 5-year-old girl. She participates in a laboratory experiment in which random alphabets are rapidly read out to her. After 20 seconds, she is asked to recall those alphabets. In the context of information processing, this experiment has been conducted to assess Patsy's
- command over syntax.
- pragmatics usage.
- short-term memory.
- interest in literature.
Short-Term Memory: The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal of the information.
________ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex, which play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.
- Executive attention
- Executive function
- Prefrontal control
- Prefrontal inhibition
Executive Function: An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain’s prefrontal cortex. Executive function involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
Research with the memory-span task suggests that
- short-term memory increases during early childhood.
- long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.
- memory span depends on one's ethnic origin.
- heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.
Which of the following is a criticism of the Montessori approach?
- It lays a lot of emphasis on social interaction.
- It does not employ self-corrective materials.
- It lays a lot of emphasis on imaginative play.
- It neglects children's socioemotional development.
Montessori Approach: An educational philosophyin which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed tomove from one activity to another as they desire.
Nicole, a 3-year-old girl, goes to a school that follows the Montessori approach to education. Which of the following are Nicole's teachers likely to follow?
- They will make all the decisions for her.
- They will show her how to perform intellectual activities.
- They will act as a director rather than a facilitator.
- They will ensure that Nicole indulges in the activities that they desire.
Montessori Approach: An educational philosophyin which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed tomove from one activity to another as they desire.
________ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.
- The child-centered kindergarten
- The Montessori approach
- Developmentally appropriate practice
- Developmentally inappropriate practice
Montessori Approach: An educational philosophyin which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed tomove from one activity to another as they desire.
Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activities. She plays with the toys she chooses, and her teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?
- the kindergarten approach
- the Rogerian approach
- the Montessori approach
- the success-oriented approach