Sandra is informed by a pediatrician that her four-year-old son, Manuel, has gained six pounds over the last one year. Sandra should
- be alarmed because Manuel has gained a lot of weight.
- be concerned because Manuel has gained less weight.
- be positive and change Manuel's diet.
- be content that this is normal for Manuel's age.
Acceptance: Kübler-Ross’ fifth stage of dying, in which the dying person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of her or his fate, and, in many cases, a desire to be left alone.
During early childhood, girls are ________ than boys.
- much lighter
- more muscular
- slightly smaller
- considerably taller
Size Constancy: The recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as the observer moves toward or away from the object.
By the end of early childhood, girls have more ________ tissue than boys.
- fatty
- muscle
- epithelial
- nervous
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): A cluster of abnormalities that appear in the offspring of some mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy.
A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that there are
- congenital differences.
- ethnic differences among them.
- no visible differences.
- cases of hyperthyroidism.
Ethnicity: A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.
What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?
- nationality and culture
- education and exercise
- prenatal care and emotional challenges
- ethnic origin and nutrition
Who among the following five-year-olds is most likely to be the tallest?
- Timothy who is a White, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, later-born boy
- Tina who is a White, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, firstborn girl
- Tyrone who is an African American, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, firstborn boy.
- Tucker who is an African American, rural, lower-socioeconomic-status, later-born boy.
Socioeconomic Status (SES): Refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
The absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow is called
- pituitarian deficiency.
- growth hormone deficiency.
- perceptual development deficiency.
- glandular deficiency.
Growth Hormone Deficiency: Absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow.
Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?
- decreasing home/school partnerships
- the absence of playground hazards
- the reduction of pool fencing
- reducing frequent parent protective behaviors
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
According to Sleet and Mercy, which of the following steps can be taken to enhance children's safety and prevent injury in the context of their family and home?
- actively surveilling environmental hazards
- promoting home/school partnerships
- developing social skills and the ability to regulate emotions
- displaying frequent parent protective behaviors
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017), which of the following was the most common cause of accidental death in young children in 2015 in the United States?
- drowning
- deformations
- homicide
- suffocation
Bonding: The formation of a close connection, especially a physical bond, between parents and their newborn in the period shortly after birth.
According to Tomlinson and others (2016), the deaths of young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries
- in the northern hemisphere.
- with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.
- where common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist.
- where the society is affluent.
The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was
- heart disease.
- malnutrition.
- accidents.
- domestic violence.
Many of the deaths of young children around the world could be prevented by reductions in
- nutrition.
- sanitation.
- poverty.
- education.
Puberty: A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes.
Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?
- Children are at risk for health problems when they live in homes in which a parent smokes.
- Most children and adolescents in the United States are exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes.
- Children exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes are not more likely to develop asthma than children in nonsmoking families.
- Parental smoking is the leading cause of death in young children in the United States.