About This Chapter
This practice exam addresses providing assessment items covering subjects like the ecological view, the fine motor skills, the gross motor skills, the hearing and the intermodal perception. Contains professionally crafted offers exam questions complete with verified answers, thorough explanations, and definitional guides enhanced with correct solutions and comprehensive answer explanations. Instant answer keys with comprehensive explanations facilitate efficient review and understanding confirmation.
The learning goals consist of the following:
✓ Summarize the course of sensory and perceptual development in infancy.
✓ Summarize motor development in infancy.
Question 1
According to theorists Eleanor and James Gibson, who developed the ecological view of perceptual development in infancy, which of the following statements is true?
- People have to take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build up representations of the world in their minds.
- People indirectly perceive information that exists in the world around them.
- People's perceptual system can select from the rich information that the environment itself provides.
- Culture brings people into contact with the environment so that they can interact with and adapt to it.
Correct Answer:
People's perceptual system can select from the rich information that the environment itself provides.
Glossary:
Ecological View: The view that perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation.
Question 2
In the Gibsons' ecological view on perceptual development in infancy, objects have ________, which are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities.
- allowances
- aptitudes
- abilities
- affordances
Correct Answer:
affordances
Glossary:
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
Question 3
Fantz believes that we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us and that perception is designed for action. He most likely holds a(n) ________ perspective with regard to sensory and perceptual development.
- ethological
- ecological
- evolutionary
- genetic
Correct Answer:
ecological
Glossary:
Ecological View: The view that perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation.
Question 4
Your professor says that our perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it. This indicates that he holds a(n) ________ view on perceptual development.
- ethological
- ecological
- evolutionary
- genetic
Correct Answer:
ecological
Glossary:
Ecological View: The view that perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation.
Question 5
Nadine is a 1-year-old infant. Her doctor wants to assess the development of her fine motor skills. In this scenario, which of Nadine's abilities is the doctor most likely to focus on?
- the ability to coordinate large-muscle activity like walking
- the ability to move the arm
- the ability to reach and grasp
- the ability to perform reflexive behavior like stepping
Correct Answer:
the ability to reach and grasp
Glossary:
Fine Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.
Question 6
In the "sticky mittens" research project, it was found that
- the infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier.
- the infants in the group without mittens developed grasping skills faster.
- both groups developed grasping skills at the same pace.
- the group without mittens developed better object manipulation skills.
Correct Answer:
the infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier.
Glossary:
Grasping Reflex: A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms and the infant responds by grasping tightly.
Question 7
In the context of grasping, which of the following statements is true of infants?
- At different stages of development, infants use different perceptual systems to coordinate grasping.
- Newborn infants rely greatly on vision to determine how they will grasp an object.
- Experience plays a minor role in reaching and grasping in infants.
- Infants grasp small objects with all of the fingers of one hand or both hands.
Correct Answer:
At different stages of development, infants use different perceptual systems to coordinate grasping.
Glossary:
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
Question 8
Carson, a 6-month-old infant, grabs a toy by gripping with his whole hand. In the context of fine motor skills, which of the following grasps does Carson exhibit in this scenario?
- the palmar grasp
- the pincer grasp
- the raking grasp
- the tripod grasp
Correct Answer:
the palmar grasp
Glossary:
Fine Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.
Question 9
In the context of fine motor skills, which of the following is true of reaching by infants?
- Initially, infants reach by moving their wrists and coordinating their thumb and forefinger.
- Initially, infants reach by seeing their own hands and then swinging their arms toward an object.
- Cues from muscles, tendons, and joints guide reaching by 4-month-old infants.
- Sight of the limb guides reaching by 4-month-old infants.
Correct Answer:
Cues from muscles, tendons, and joints guide reaching by 4-month-old infants.
Glossary:
Fine Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.
Question 10
Melanie, a 4-year-old child, ties her shoelaces on her own and skillfully uses a fork and a spoon. In the context of motor development, which of the following is most likely involved in this scenario?
- rooting reflexes
- fine motor skills
- moro reflexes
- gross motor skills
Correct Answer:
fine motor skills
Question 11
________ motor skills are skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one's arms and walking.
- Fine
- Gross
- Learned
- Major
Correct Answer:
Gross
Glossary:
Gross Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking.
Question 12
Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is true about Amanda's hearing?
- Amanda is more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than an adult.
- Amanda is able to hear low-pitched sounds better than high-pitched sounds.
- Amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds.
- Amanda cannot determine the general location from where a sound is coming.
Correct Answer:
Amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds.
Glossary:
Perception: The interpretation of what is sensed.
Question 13
Which of the following statements is true about perception in infants?
- Infants are not able to perceive the localization of a sound.
- Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
- Infants are very sensitive to the pitch of a sound.
- Infants are not able to perceive pain.
Correct Answer:
Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
Glossary:
Perception: The interpretation of what is sensed.
Question 14
Which of the following is true of intermodal perception?
- It is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes.
- People's experience of the world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by intermodal perception.
- It is the recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its orientation to people changes.
- Early forms of intermodal perception become weaker with experience.
Correct Answer:
People's experience of the world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by intermodal perception.
Glossary:
Intermodal Perception: The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.
Question 15
________ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.
- Extramodal
- Intermodal
- Intramodal
- Multimodal
Correct Answer:
Intermodal
Glossary:
Intermodal Perception: The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.