Brad is an athletic child, and he is in every sports team in school as he enjoys sports immensely. He regularly practices football, tennis, and basketball and hopes to become the captain of one of the sports teams. This scenario most likely reflects ________ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating.
- passive genotype-environment
- evocative genotype-environment
- active (niche-picking) genotype-environment
- influential genotype-environment
Active (Niche-Picking) Genotype-Environment Correlations: Correlations that exist when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.
Evolution takes place
- over the course of many generations.
- almost immediately.
- when a species is ready for it.
- because of active attempts at change on the part of a species.
Evolutionary Theory Of Aging: This theorystates that natural selection has not eliminated manyharmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults; thus, the benefits conferred byevolution decline with age because natural selectionis linked to reproductive fitness
If a baboon learns to eat different kinds of fruit instead of relying on only one kind for its nutritive needs, we would argue that this behavior promotes its survival. Thus, the behavior is
- adaptive.
- aggressive.
- dominant.
- submissive.
Which of the following statements is true about adopted children?
- Nonadopted children are more likely to experience school-related problems than adopted children.
- Children who are adopted early in life are more likely to have positive outcomes than those adopted later in life.
- Adopted children should never be allowed to meet their birth parents.
- Most adopted children struggle with school, peer relationships, and self-esteem.
Adoption Study: A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity. Another form of the adoption study compares adoptive and biological siblings.
________ is a social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth.
- Kinship care
- Rebirthing
- Guardianship
- Adoption
Adoption Study: A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity. Another form of the adoption study compares adoptive and biological siblings.
________ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
- Behavior influence
- Behavior therapy
- Behavior genetics
- Behavior development
Behavior Genetics: The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
In twin studies, it is most common to
- assess the behavioral similarity of identical twins compared with the behavioral similarity of non-twin siblings.
- determine the behavioral similarity of identical twins compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
- to conduct genetic studies of the difference between identical twins in their genetic makeup.
- to compare adopted fraternal twins with each other.
Twin Study: A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
A recessive gene exerts its influence only if both genes of a pair are
- recessive.
- complementary.
- conditional lethals.
- dominant.
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Carrie's parents have brown hair. However, Carrie gets genes for blond hair from both of her parents, and as a result she has blond hair. This indicates that the gene for blond hair is a
- recessive gene.
- dominant gene.
- susceptibility gene.
- longevity gene.
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
In some cases of genotypic expression, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the ________ principle.
- sex-linked genes
- dominant-recessive genes
- genetic imprinting
- polygenic inheritance
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Clark's eyes are brown in color. However, both his parents have eyes that are blue in color. According to the dominant-recessive genes principle, the most likely reason for Clark's eyes being brown in color is that
- Clark's grandparents had brown-colored eyes.
- Clark has a mutation in his genotype resulting in the change in eye color.
- Clark's family history shows that the family has a dominant gene for brown-colored eyes.
- Clark's parents are carriers of genes contributing to brown eyes.
Carla has brown hair, and her husband also has brown hair. However, Carla's son is born with blond hair. This most likely indicates that Carla's son
- inherited the dominant genes for blond hair.
- inherited the recessive genes for blond hair.
- has a susceptibility gene.
- has a longevity gene.
A(n) ________ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene.
- longevity
- dominant
- susceptible
- aggressive
Which of the following is true of Down syndrome?
- It primarily occurs in African American children.
- It occurs when genetic imprinting goes awry.
- Its symptoms include retardation of motor and mental abilities.
- It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome Y.
Down Syndrome: A form of intellectual disability that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal abnormality that occurs when whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis?
- Down syndrome
- hemophilia
- Huntington's disease
- sickle-cell anemia
Down Syndrome: A form of intellectual disability that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Jason, a 4-year-old, has an intellectual disability and has shorter limbs than other children his age. His pediatrician observes that Jason has a protruding tongue and an extra fold of skin over his eyelids. Jason's mother informs the pediatrician that she was 30 at the time of Jason's birth and that he was born with a flat skull. From this information, the pediatrician will most likely diagnose Jason with
- Turner syndrome.
- Klinefelter syndrome.
- Down syndrome.
- XYY syndrome.
Down Syndrome: A form of intellectual disability that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome?
- Sarah, a 21-year-old Asian woman
- Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman
- Ella, a 27-year-old African American woman
- Destiny, a 38-year-old African American woman
The ________ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
- epigenetic
- biosocial
- sociogenic
- congenital
Epigenetic View: Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment.