When no evidence of organic brain damage can be found, cases are labeled ________ intellectual disability. Individuals with this type of disability have IQs between 55 and 70.
- pseudo-social
- moderate
- cultural-familial
- severe
Intellectual Disability: A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test, (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.
Organic intellectual disability is caused by
- a genetic disorder or brain damage.
- being raised by poorly educated parents.
- an impoverished intellectual environment.
- traumatic experiences in early childhood.
Intellectual Disability: A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test, (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.
Which of the following is the correct definition of intellectual disability?
- It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a moderately low IQ, usually above 50 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has slight trouble adjusting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first displays these characteristics by age 25.
- It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually above 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has little or no trouble adjusting to the demands of a competitive environment; and (3) first displays these characteristics by age 5.
- It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 50 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has a lot of difficulty adapting to the demands of a competitive environment; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 25.
- It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.
Intellectual Disability: A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test, (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.
Which of the following statements is true of children with cultural-familial intellectual disability?
- Individuals with this type of disability have IQs between 55 and 70.
- Individuals with this type of disability are highly insensitive to what is expected of them.
- Individuals with this type of disability often need intangible rewards-praise rather than candy.
- Individuals with this type of disability can often be identified easily in schools, where they excel in academics.
Aiden is 18 years old. He has always found it harder to cope with his studies than his siblings do. He is always the last to finish any assignment or task in class. In a recent IQ test, his IQ score was 60. Which of the following is true of Aiden?
- Aiden is gifted.
- Aiden has an intellectual disability.
- Aiden is an introvert.
- Aiden has dyslexia.
Psychologists suspect that ________ often results from growing up in below-average intellectual environment.
- cultural-familial intellectual disability
- metabolic syndrome
- Asperger syndrome
- transitivity
Organic Intellectual Disability: A genetic disorder or condition involving brain damage that is linked to a low level of intellectual functioning.
________ is knowledge about language, such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language, and it allows children to think about their language, understand what words are, and even define them.
- Metacognition
- Metalinguistic awareness
- Metapragmatics
- Morphology
Metalinguistic Awareness: Knowledge about language, such as understanding what a preposition is or being able to discuss the sounds of a language.
A learning disability
- resides in a single, specific brain location.
- is primarily the result of inadequate intellectual functioning.
- does not involve understanding or using spoken languages.
- is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.
Learning Disability: Difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language or in doing mathematics. To be classified as a learning disability, the learning problem is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; intellectual disability; emotional disorders; or due to environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
Dana and Delma are discussing gender and the identification of learning disabilities. Dana believes that there is evidence that supports that gender does play a role in identifying learning disabilities, whereas Delma opposes this view. Which of the following statements, if true, would support Dana's view?
- Boys have a greater biological vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.
- Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment than boys.
- Girls' education is given priority in schools and homes.
- Learning disabilities are more difficult to detect in boys than in girls.
Gender: The characteristics of people as males or females.
Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2012-2013 school year?
- students with a learning disability
- students with speech or language impairments
- students with intellectual disability
- emotionally disturbed students
Learning Disability: Difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language or in doing mathematics. To be classified as a learning disability, the learning problem is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; intellectual disability; emotional disorders; or due to environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
Interventions with children who have a learning disability often focus on improving
- math ability.
- right and left brain functioning.
- writing skills.
- reading ability.
Learning Disability: Difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language or in doing mathematics. To be classified as a learning disability, the learning problem is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; intellectual disability; emotional disorders; or due to environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
Carl's son has been diagnosed with a learning disability. Since then, Carl has spent a significant amount of time understanding the causes of his disability. He learns that even though several research studies have been conducted, the precise causes have not yet been determined. He comes across a research finding that indicates that it is unlikely that learning disabilities
- reside in a single, specific brain location.
- are due to problems in integrating information from multiple brain regions.
- are a result of subtle impairments in brain structures.
- occur as a result of subtle impairments in brain functions.
Which of the following statements is true about learning disability?
- Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment because of troublesome behavior.
- About three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.
- Girls have a greater biological vulnerability than boys to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
- Learning disabilities reside in a single, specific brain location in all individuals.
Samuel is an 8-year-old boy. He has difficulty solving numerical problems. Hence, he is not able to solve any of the Math tests given by his teacher. His teacher gave him extra assignments and made him attend some remedial classes so that he can improve, but these did not help. His parents finally took him to a doctor, and the doctor diagnosed him with a learning disability called ________, or developmental arithmetic disorder.
- dyscalculia
- dysgraphia
- dyslexia
- dyspraxia
Dyscalculia: Also known as developmental arithmetic disorder; a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation.
Terence has a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation. This disability is also known as developmental arithmetic disorder. On the other hand, Mindy, his classmate, finds it extremely challenging to read or spell simple words. Based on the given information, which of the following statements is true?
- Both Terence and Mindy have ADHD.
- Terence has dysgraphia, whereas Mindy has dyscalculia.
- Terence has ADHD, whereas Mindy has dysgraphia.
- Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia.
Sandra is a nine-year-old girl. She was always the last student in class to finish assignments because she could only write slowly, and even then, her writing would be virtually illegible and riddled with spelling mistakes. Her teacher referred her to a psychologist who diagnosed her with a learning disability called
- ADHD.
- dysgraphia.
- ASD.
- dyscalculia.
Dysgraphia: A learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting.
Sabine is in the second grade. Compared to the other kids in her class, she finds it very challenging to read or spell simple words. Which of the following learning disabilities does Sabine suffer from?
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- dysgraphia
- dyslexia
- dyscalculia
Dyslexia: A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell.
Marshall is in the fourth grade. He finds it hard to keep up with his classmates' writing speed. His handwriting is illegible. Therefore, neither his teachers nor his parents can read his notes. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match sounds and letters. Marshall likely suffers from ________.
- dyspraxia
- dysgraphia
- dyslexia
- dyscalculia
Dysgraphia: A learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting.