Fast Track is an intervention program that attempts to lower the risk of
- teen pregnancy.
- juvenile delinquency.
- teen suicide.
- adolescent depression.
Juvenile Delinquent: An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.
Nina is reading an article about the major problems that affect most adolescents. She is aware that drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, and school-related problems are the four most common issues that affect most adolescents. She learns from the article that several research studies have been conducted to understand the effects of these issues on adolescents. Which of the following research findings would most likely be included in the article?
- As many as 50 percent of adolescents in the United States have been estimated to engage in all four of the problem behaviors common in adolescents.
- Adolescents most at risk typically suffer from more than one of the four problem behaviors.
- Research studies confirm that the four problem behaviors in adolescence are seldom related.
- It is estimated that the percentage of high-risk youth who engage in two or three of the four main problem behaviors has decreased over the years.
Adolescent Egocentrism: The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.
The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and
- career choice dilemmas.
- juvenile delinquency.
- peer-related problems.
- family problems.
Juvenile Delinquent: An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.
If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be
- intensive individualized attention.
- strong academic support.
- community role models.
- tactics to "scare teens straight."
Attention: The focusing of mental resources on select information.
Analysis of the World Values Survey of 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed and more developed countries revealed that emerging adults in ________.
- more developed countries were more likely to be religious than those in less developed countries
- less developed countries were more likely to be religious than those in more developed countries
- both less developed and more developed countries were highly religious
- both less developed and more developed countries were not religious
Religiousness: The degree to which an individual is affiliated with an organized religion, participates in prescribed rituals and practices, feels a sense of connection with its beliefs, and is involved in a community of believers.
Which of the following statements about religion and adolescents has research shown to be true?
- There has been a resurgence of religious interest among adolescents.
- A majority of American college freshmen reported that they had never attended religious services during their senior year of high school.
- Generally, 18-year-olds are more religious than 14-year-olds in the United States.
- Adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys.
Religion: An organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increases an individual’s connection to a sacred or transcendent other (God, higher power, or higher truth).
Religious adolescents are more likely than nonreligious adolescents to
- be depressed.
- drink alcohol.
- engage in community service.
- engage in problem behaviors.
Service Learning: A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
Many of the cognitive changes thought to influence religious development involve
- Piaget's cognitive developmental theory.
- Erikson's psychosocial theory.
- Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
- Lorenz's ethological theory.
Theory: An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions.
________ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others.
- Egocentrism
- Narcissism
- Egotism
- Solipsism
Narcissism: A self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others.
In a controversial study to know the extent to which self-esteem changes during adolescence, it was found that self-esteem
- is almost nonexistent in adolescence.
- remains constant in adolescence.
- increases in adolescent boys.
- declines in adolescent girls.
Self-Esteem: The global evaluative dimension of the self. Self-esteem is also referred to as self-worth or self-image.
Which of the following statements is true of narcissists?
- They view their own needs and desires as paramount.
- They are typically aware of their actual self.
- They are typically aware of how others perceive them.
- They show unselfish concern for the betterment of others.
Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s (salient feature of the first substage of preoperational thought).
Ned is an only child and has always enjoyed full attention from his parents and extended family. In college, he tends to speak about himself and his own personal struggles with his friends. He seldom pays attention to others' needs or lets them speak. He expects everyone to agree with his opinions and gets frustrated and upset if they don't. Which of the following terms best describes Ned?
- pessimist
- optimist
- pragmatist
- narcissist
Narcissism: A self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others.
During a seminar on suicidal tendencies in adolescents, Dr. Karl says, "Females are more likely to attempt suicide than males, but males are more likely to succeed in committing suicide." Which of the following research findings most likely explains the reasoning for Dr. Karl's statement?
- Males show higher levels of depressive behavior than do females.
- Males give no warning signs before they attempt suicide.
- Males use more lethal means in their suicide attempts than do females.
- Males attempt suicide more frequently than females.
Which of the following groups has the highest suicide attempts?
- American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents
- Asian American/Pacific Islander female adolescents
- Non-Latino White male adolescents
- African American male adolescents
Which of the following is the most frequently cited factor associated with adolescent suicide?
- use of alcohol
- suicidal behavior in friends
- drug use
- depression
Major Depression: A mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self-derogatory, and bored. The person does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated. Major depression is so widespread that it has been called the “common cold” of mental disorders.
Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States?
- homicide
- suicide
- motor vehicle accidents
- infectious diseases
Identify the group that is least likely to exhibit suicidal behavior.
- American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents
- American Indian/Alaska Native male adolescents
- Latino female adolescents
- African American male adolescents
Ethnicity: A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.