When decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered, the result is
- extinction.
- satisficing.
- stereotyping.
- optimization.
- neutralization.
Satisficing results when decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered.
Satisficing: When a decision maker chooses the first acceptable alternative considered.
Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.
Satisficing is the condition described in the bounded rationality model of decision making in which a decision maker chooses the first solution to meet the minimum requirements for solving a problem rather than searching for an optimum solution.
Pressure: An influence tactic in which the requestor attempts to use coercive power through threats and demands.
The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.
The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.
Self-Serving Bias: When one attributes one’s own failures to external factors and success to internal factors.
The dean of the college of arts and sciences held a mixer last night, but was dismayed to see that rather than mixing, the students tended to split off into groups by major: arts and humanities students there, students majoring in the natural sciences there, and social-science majors over there. This is an example of ________ in action.
- fundamental attribution error
- communities of practice
- social identity theory
- climate for transfer
- self-serving bias
Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by the groups to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.
Social Identity Theory: A theory that people identify themselves based on the various groups to which they belong and judge others based on the groups they associate with.
When assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group, this is
- a fundamental attribution error.
- social identity theory.
- projection bias.
- a stereotype.
- satisficing.
A stereotype occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group. Although not all stereotypes are bad per se, our decision-making process becomes faulty when we make inaccurate generalizations.
Stereotypes: Assumptions made about others based on their social group membership.
Brad is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the real estate business. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of real estate sales techniques, but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a new trainee named Tiffany approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Dropping the friendly persona that was typical of his on-stage presence, he simply said "I can't," and walked out. Brad was
- wrong, because he placed too great an emphasis on his own abilities and paid too little attention to the importance of being diplomatic.
- right, because he had already spent a great deal of time teaching at the seminar, and whatever he needed to convey had already been conveyed.
- wrong, because clearly Tiffany was eager to learn, and almost anything can be taught to someone else if that person is eager and willing enough to learn.
- right, because it is not his job to train potential competition-especially someone of the opposite sex who might be attempting to gain an unfair advantage.
- right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities, and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to.
Although Brad could have been more diplomatic in his response to Tiffany, he is right about the fact that he cannot teach her how to do what he does. His ability as a trainer is an example of tacit knowledge, which is highly personal in nature; very difficult, if not impossible, to articulate to others; based on experience; typically job- or situation-specific; and something holders do not always even recognize that they possess.
Although it is not easily communicated, ________ knowledge could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.
- nonprogrammed
- intuitive
- heuristic
- explicit
- tacit
Tacit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience. It is not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.
Trait(S): Recurring trends in people’s responses to their environment.
________ knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.
- Tacit
- Explicit
- Heuristic
- Intuitive
- Nonprogrammed
Tacit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience. It is not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.
Trait(S): Recurring trends in people’s responses to their environment.
Eric has never had any formal training in computer science, yet everyone at the office recognizes him as a genius with hardware and software. On numerous occasions, he has repaired a piece of equipment that seemed unsalvageable or helped someone recover a document they thought was lost forever. When asked how he always seems to know just the right solution, he just shrugs and says with a laugh that if anybody spent as much time messing around with computers as he has, then they would be able to do the same thing. This is an example of
- tacit knowledge.
- transfer of training.
- knowledge transfer.
- learning orientation.
- rational decision-making.
This type of decision making ability, sometimes called a gut feeling or intuition, is frequently the result of tacit knowledge.
Tacit Knowledge: Knowledge that employees can only learn through experience.
Because of their tacit knowledge, experts sometimes cannot put into words why they know that a problem exists, why a solution will work, or how they accomplished a task.
Because of their tacit knowledge, experts sometimes cannot put into words why they know that a problem exists, why a solution will work, or how they accomplished a task.
Tacit Knowledge: Knowledge that employees can only learn through experience.
Tacit knowledge
- is based on experience.
- exists as general information.
- can be learned through books.
- involves conscious and accessible information.
- is easily transferred through written communication.
Tacit knowledge is highly personal in nature; very difficult, if not impossible, to articulate to others; based on experience; typically job- or situation-specific; and something holders do not always even recognize that they possess.
Method Of Experience: When people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations.