Which of the following statements is true of prospective memory?
- Prospective memory involves remembering to do something in the future.
- Planning strategies are not associated with older adults' prospective memory.
- Declines in prospective memory occur more often in real-life settings than in laboratories.
- Age-related deficits occur less often in prospective memory tasks that are time-based than in those that are event-based.
Prospective Memory: Remembering to do something in the future.
A common memory problem for older adults is ________, in which individuals cannot quite retrieve familiar information but have the feeling that they should be able to retrieve it.
- dementia
- the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
- temporary memory loss
- mental block
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is true?
- Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.
- Older adults are usually unable to retrieve semantic information.
- Episodic memory and semantic memory remain unchanged in older adults.
- Older adults can retrieve semantic information from long ago but not from the recent past.
Episodic Memory: The retention of information about the details of life’s happenings.
Travis, who is 25 years old, knows that Beijing is the capital of China, but he cannot remember when or where he learned this. This is an example of how semantic memory
- improves with age.
- is closely linked to an individual's personal identity with the past.
- begins to decline in early adulthood.
- is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past.
Semantic Memory: A person’s knowledge about the world—including one’s fields of expertise, general academic knowledge of the sort learned in school, and “everyday knowledge.”
Although Alicia has a great memory for trivia, she has difficulty remembering important events in her life. Alicia has good ________ memory but poor ________ memory.
- episodic; procedural
- procedural; semantic
- semantic; episodic
- explicit; implicit
Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences.
Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is part of her ________ memory.
- semantic
- episodic
- prospective
- implicit
Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences.
________ is a cognitive resource that involves the ability to perform tasks such as deciding whether pairs of two-digit or two-letter strings are the same or different or determining the time required to step on the brakes when the car directly ahead stops.
- Sustained attention
- Executive attention
- Episodic memory
- Perceptual speed
Perception: The interpretation of what is sensed.
Remembering the name of a person's favorite toy from years ago when he or she was a child is an example of ________ memory.
- prospective
- implicit
- semantic
- episodic
Episodic Memory: The retention of information about the details of life’s happenings.
Remembering where a person went on vacation last summer is an example of ________ memory.
- situational
- semantic
- prospective
- episodic
Episodic Memory: The retention of information about the details of life’s happenings.
The retention of information about the details of life's happenings is called ________ memory.
- episodic
- prospective
- source
- semantic
Frank, aged 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's ________ memory.
- procedural
- implicit
- semantic
- functional
Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences.
Which of the following is true of memory and aging?
- Memory decline occurs primarily in explicit, episodic, and working memory.
- Successful aging means reducing the decline and adapting to it.
- Memory decline occurs primarily in implicit memory or semantic memory.
- Successful aging means eliminating memory decline altogether.
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
Michael's mother always forgets to take her heart medication. So, every night Michael calls her after dinner to remind her about her medicines. This demonstrates that Michael's mother is experiencing a decline in ________ memory.
- source
- episodic
- prospective
- implicit
Prospective Memory: Remembering to do something in the future.
________, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
- Working memory
- Episodic memory
- Working cognition
- Source memory
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
________ tend to overestimate the memory problems they experience on a daily basis.
- Adolescents
- Younger adults
- Middle-aged adults
- Older adults
Memory: A central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.
________ is triggered by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
- Parkinson disease
- Alzheimer disease
- Huntington's disease
- Spina bifida
Parkinson Disease: A chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis.
Which of the following is a treatment for advanced Parkinson disease?
- cholinerase inhibitors
- electroconvulsive therapy
- dopamine agonists
- deep brain stimulation
Parkinson Disease: A chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis.
According to recent studies, which of the following is likely to improve the movement skills of individuals with Parkinson disease?
- dance
- music
- meditation
- dieting
Parkinson Disease: A chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis.
Which of the following is the main treatment for Parkinson in the earlier stages?
- Dopamine agonists
- L-dopa
- Cholinerase inhibitors
- Acetylcholine
Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?
- ACE inhibitors
- Cholinerase inhibitors
- L-dopa
- Serotonin
Which of the following is a similarity between Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease?
- Both are triggered by a deficiency of the important brain messenger chemical acetylcholine.
- Both are progressive in nature.
- Both affect only the elderly.
- Both are easily managed with medication.
Alzheimer Disease: A progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function.
Mr. Dalton has been complaining of irregular and involuntary movement in the right part of his body. The doctors noticed that Mr. Dalton has been showing signs of slow movement and partial facial paralysis. The chronic and progressive nature of the illness was revealed in the pathological findings. Which of the following conditions does Mr. Dalton most likely suffer from?
- Alzheimer disease
- Multi-infarct syndrome
- Lewy body dementia
- Parkinson disease
A recent study of older adults by Manning and Miles revealed that religious service attendance was associated with a
- higher risk of mortality.
- higher level of resilience in life.
- lower risk of Alzheimer disease.
- decrease in life satisfaction.
A Pew poll found that belief in God was higher in ________ than in any other age period.
- older adulthood
- young adults
- adolescents
- middle-aged adults
Middle Adulthood: The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.