Low-power distance cultures prefer that power be distributed uniformly where possible, in an egalitarian fashion.
Low-power distance cultures prefer that power be distributed uniformly where possible, in a more egalitarian fashion.
Power Distance: The degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance).
Cooper, a trainer at D&J Inc., preaches the company's policy of prudence to all his new trainees. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, this cultural value followed at D&J Inc. is an example of
- masculinity.
- collectivism.
- low power distance.
- long-term orientation.
- high uncertainty avoidance.
When a company's culture stresses values such as persistence, prudence, and thrift, the culture is high on long-term orientation.
Short-Term Vs. Long-Term Orientation: The degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term orientation) or future-oriented (long-term orientation).
________ examines cultural dimensions such as gender egalitarianism, performance orientation, and humane orientation.
- Project GLOBE
- Project HOFSTEDE
- Myers-Briggs
- CANOE
- RIASEC
Project GLOBE examines cultural dimensions such as gender egalitarianism, performance orientation, and humane orientation.
Project GLOBE: A collection of 170 researchers from 62 cultures who examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of leader attributes, behaviors, and practices.
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a case of ethnocentrism?
- Liam, a millwright from Kentucky, ignores input from engineers at his tractor company's Japanese subsidiary because he believes Americans build the best tractors.
- T.J., a television producer from California, goes out of his way to share ideas and methods with other producers from India, South Korea, and Hollywood.
- Chad, a fisherman from Alaska, has tried using nets manufactured in Japan and Russia, but finds his American-made nets perform slightly better.
- Nelson, a civil engineer from New York, comes off as pushy and rude when he visits engineering firms in Nordic Europe.
- Orlando, an architect from Missouri, is fascinated by the culture he encounters when his company sends him to Scandinavia.
Ethnocentrism is defined as a propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."
Ethnocentrism: One who views his or her cultural values as “right” and values of other cultures as “wrong.”
A culture high on ________ feels threatened by ambiguous situations and relies on formal rules to create stability.
- collectivism
- power distance
- masculinity
- uncertainty avoidance
- short-term orientation
When a culture feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and relies on formal rules to create stability, it is said to be high on uncertainty avoidance.
Uncertainty Avoidance: The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance).
Prisha is very uncomfortable because she received a larger bonus than other members of her work group. She is most likely from a ________ culture.
- global
- uncertain
- feminine
- collectivistic
- short-term oriented
Members of collectivistic cultures prioritize taking care of and staying loyal to group members. They also prefer equality in pay allocation.
Culture: The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations.
Hofstede's research found that a culture high on ________ accepts the fact that authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations.
- collectivism
- uncertainty avoidance
- masculinity
- power distance
- short-term orientation
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the culture high on power distance accepts the fact that authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations.
Power Distance: The degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance).
In Hofstede's dimensions, a culture low on ________ tolerates ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors.
- collectivism
- power distance
- masculinity
- uncertainty avoidance
- short-term orientation
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, a culture low on uncertainty avoidance tolerates ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors.
Uncertainty Avoidance: The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance).
The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader in group and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, what is the personality dimension used to describe the Chinese culture?
- collectivism
- uncertainty avoidance
- masculinity
- low power distance
- short-term orientation
The collectivistic culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader in group and act loyal to it.
Individualism-Collectivism: The degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism).
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension ________ stresses values such as respect for tradition and fulfilling obligations.
- individualism
- high power distance
- masculinity
- low uncertainty avoidance
- short-term orientation
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, short-term orientation stresses values such as respect for tradition and fulfilling obligations.
Short-Term Vs. Long-Term Orientation: The degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term orientation) or future-oriented (long-term orientation).
Houston, a project manager at Universe Inc., was the man behind the company's shift to a new culture that focused on being assertive with its clients. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension ________ best describes Universe Inc.
- masculinity
- collectivism
- low power distance
- uncertainty avoidance
- short-term orientation
Masculine cultures value stereotypical male traits such as assertiveness and the acquisition of money and things.
Masculinity-Femininity: The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity).
Which of the following refers to the propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong"?
- ethnocentrism
- neuroticism
- extraversion
- zero acquaintance
- short-term orientation
Ethnocentrism refers to the propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."
Ethnocentrism: One who views his or her cultural values as “right” and values of other cultures as “wrong.”
Which of the following is one of Hofstede's dimensions of cultural values?
- trait activation
- situational strength
- negative affectivity
- masculinity-femininity
- extraversion-introversion
Masculinity-femininity is a dimension of the Hofstede's cultural values.
Masculinity-Femininity: The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity).
Arjit wants to take his idea for a tech firm to a country where he can hire a work force from people who focus on the future, care about others, and want equality among workers and between genders. Where should Arjit build his firm?
- the Netherlands
- Venezuela
- Germany
- Russia
- Iran
The Netherlands meets all of the qualities Arjit is looking for. Nordic cultures promote gender equality and minimize role differences between men and women, and the Netherlands is a long-term oriented culture that values stereotypically female traits, such as caring for others.
Fern's company is expanding, and she would like a foreign presence to reach broader markets and have some diversification. Fern wants a factory where rules are strictly followed, performance is high, and workers are able to accept the authority of people above them. In which of the following places should she choose to build her factory?
- China
- Brazil
- Greece
- Mexico
- Germany
China meets all of the qualities Fern is searching for. China has a high power distance, which means members of this culture respect authority and accept the fact that power is unevenly distributed in an organization. As part of Confucian Asia, Chinese culture encourages and rewards members for excellence and performance improvements.
Volkwear Ltd., a German clothing manufacturer, is known as a company that focuses on improving its customers' quality of life. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural values dimension of ________ best describes Volkwear Ltd.
- femininity
- individualism
- high power distance
- short-term orientation
- uncertainty avoidance
Femininity values stereotypical female traits such as caring for others and caring about quality of life.
Flexibility: The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach.