About This Chapter
This test practice collection focuses on covering key examination areas including the educating low-income students, the educational issues, the emotional development, the ethnicity in schools and the friendship. Supplies offers exam questions complete with verified answers, thorough explanations, and definitional guides classified by difficulty with complete solutions, detailed reasoning, and comprehensive glossaries. Complete answer documentation with thorough explanations supports rapid verification and concept mastery.
The learning goals are as follows:
✓ Describe schooling during middle childhood.
✓ Summarize emotional and personality development in middle childhood.
✓ Describe changes in peer relationships during middle childhood.
Question 1
Which of the following is true of schools in low-income areas?
- They have higher attendance compared with schools in high-income areas.
- Federal and state governments actively participate in the facilitation and assessment of the curricula.
- They have very high graduation rates.
- Teaching is more likely to encourage rote learning.
Correct Answer:
Teaching is more likely to encourage rote learning.
Glossary:
Assimilation: Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
Question 2
Identify a true statement about schools in low-income areas.
- They are less likely to have young teachers with less experience.
- They are less likely to encourage rote learning.
- They are likely to have more students with low achievement test scores.
- They are likely to be conducive to effective learning.
Correct Answer:
They are likely to have more students with low achievement test scores.
Glossary:
Low Birth Weight Infants: An infant that weighs less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth.
Question 3
In the context of accountability from schools, which of the following is a criticism of state-wide standardized testing in schools?
- Teachers spend less time teaching the subjects that are tested.
- Teachers end up spending far too much class time focusing on the development of thinking skills.
- Students feel pressurized to achieve high test scores as high expectations are placed on them.
- Using a single test as the sole indicator of students' progress and competence presents a very narrow view of students' skills.
Correct Answer:
Using a single test as the sole indicator of students' progress and competence presents a very narrow view of students' skills.
Glossary:
Standardized Test: A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allow a person’s performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals.
Question 4
Identify a true statement about the criticism of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation.
- Under the NCLB legislation, teachers end up spending far too much class time focusing on the development of thinking skills.
- The tests used as part of NCLB do not create high expectations for all students.
- Under the NCLB legislation, gifted students might be neglected in an effort to raise the achievement level of students who are not doing well.
- The NCLB legislation has neglected identification of poorly performing schools, teachers, and administrators.
Correct Answer:
Under the NCLB legislation, gifted students might be neglected in an effort to raise the achievement level of students who are not doing well.
Glossary:
Gifted: Having above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something.
Question 5
According to the advocates of state-mandated testing, which of the following results are believed to be positive outcomes of the testing?
- increased emphasis on the education of gifted students
- increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
- a holistic approach to testing a student's social skills, flexible thinking, and creativity
- integration of all learning styles and teaching styles into the curricula
Correct Answer:
increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
Glossary:
Standardized Test: A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allow a person’s performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals.
Question 6
What is the result of the public and government demand for increased accountability from schools?
- the spread of state-mandated testing to measure just what students had or had not learned
- the inclusion of government evaluators for academic curricula
- the separation of academic responsibilities into private coaching and government assessment
- the inclusion of new legislation for the assessment of teaching and supporting staff in schools
Correct Answer:
the spread of state-mandated testing to measure just what students had or had not learned
Glossary:
Standardized Test: A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allow a person’s performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals.
Question 7
Which of the following is an important distinction between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
- Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist cannot prescribe medication.
- Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist has a medical degree.
- Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist has an undergraduate degree.
- Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist must spend 3 to 4 years as a resident physician.
Correct Answer:
Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist cannot prescribe medication.
Question 8
In the context of the developmental changes in emotions during the middle and late childhood years, who among the following children most likely exhibits the ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions?
- Chris who has learned to tone down his anger when one of his classmates irritates him
- Lila who is aware that her sadness today is influenced by her friend moving to another town last week
- Damian who realizes that achieving something might involve both anxiety and joy
- Broderick who feels sympathy for a distressed person and experiences vicariously the sadness the distressed person is feeling
Correct Answer:
Chris who has learned to tone down his anger when one of his classmates irritates him
Glossary:
Anger: Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
Question 9
Which of the following is a strategy for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students in schools?
- Reducing bias by refraining from displaying images of children from diverse ethnic and cultural groups in classrooms
- Avoiding sharing one's worries, successes, failures, coping strategies, interests, and other personal information with people of other ethnicities
- Placing students from different cultural backgrounds in a cooperative group in which they have to construct different parts of a project to reach a common goal
- Encouraging students to look at others as members of a homogeneous group rather than as individuals
Correct Answer:
Placing students from different cultural backgrounds in a cooperative group in which they have to construct different parts of a project to reach a common goal
Glossary:
Cross-Cultural Studies: Comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific.
Question 10
In the context of children's development, which of the following is true of children's friendships?
- Throughout childhood, friends are more dissimilar than similar in terms of sex.
- Friends usually have different achievement orientations.
- Children's friendships are typically characterized by similarity.
- Children's friendships are all typically alike.
Correct Answer:
Children's friendships are typically characterized by similarity.
Question 11
Johnny says he likes his best friend, Andy, because he is fun and talks about interesting things. Johnny also says that Andy encourages him to do his best and comforts him when he fails. Which of the following functions of children's friendships is Johnny most likely describing?
- stimulation and ego support
- companionship and social comparison
- physical support and intimacy/affection
- social comparison and intimacy/affection
Correct Answer:
stimulation and ego support
Glossary:
Affectionate Love: In this type of love, also called companionate love, an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person.
Question 12
Which of the following functions of friendship involves providing encouragement and feedback, thus allowing children to maintain an impression of themselves as competent, attractive, and worthwhile individuals?
- physical support
- affection and intimacy
- social comparison
- ego support
Correct Answer:
ego support
Glossary:
Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s (salient feature of the first substage of preoperational thought).
Question 13
Ten-year-old Jose finds that he needs to talk to Richard, his friend, in order to know whether his feelings about his own brothers and sisters are normal. Which friendship function does Richard provide in this case?
- companionship
- ego support
- social comparison
- intimacy/affection
Correct Answer:
social comparison
Glossary:
Social Play: Play that involves social interactions with peers.
Question 14
Which of the following functions of friendship involves providing resources and assistance?
- physical support
- affection and intimacy
- ego support
- social comparison
Correct Answer:
physical support
Glossary:
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
Question 15
Which of the following functions of friendship involves providing interesting information, excitement, and amusement?
- physical support
- stimulation
- social comparison
- ego support
Correct Answer:
stimulation
Glossary:
Assimilation: Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
Question 16
In the context of children's development, identify a true statement about friendship.
- Like adult friendships, children's friendships are characterized by dissimilarity.
- Throughout childhood, friends are more similar than dissimilar in terms of age, sex, race, and many other factors.
- Friends often have dissimilar attitudes toward school and educational aspirations.
- It is often developmentally beneficial to have coercive and conflict-ridden friendships.
Correct Answer:
Throughout childhood, friends are more similar than dissimilar in terms of age, sex, race, and many other factors.
Question 17
In the context of children's friendships, which of the following represents the function of social comparison served by friendship?
- Friendship provides children with interesting information, excitement, and amusement.
- Friendship provides information about where a child stands vis-à-vis others and whether the child is doing okay.
- Friendship provides resources and assistance.
- Friendship provides children with a warm, close, and trusting relationship with another individual.
Correct Answer:
Friendship provides information about where a child stands vis-à-vis others and whether the child is doing okay.
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 18
________ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.
- Ego support
- Intimacy in friendships
- Physical support
- Social comparison
Correct Answer:
Intimacy in friendships
Glossary:
Intimacy In Friendships: Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.